Ñòð.26 Ìîäóëü 1 ÃÄÇ Starlight Áàðàíîâà 9 êëàññ

Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Áàðàíîâà, Äóëè, Êîïûëîâà 9 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:

1 Russia Reading & Listening 1 Read the title of the text and look at the pictures. What do you think these people's lives are like? Think about environment, work, homes, clothes, culture, problems. Listen and read to check. The Nenets Reindeer Herders A There are few environments on earth more challenging than the home of the Nenets reindeer herders of the Yamal Peninsula in Western Siberia. These nomads, the last of their kind, move huge herds of reindeer over a thousand kilometres each year to keep one step ahead of the biting cold. They cross the world's fifth largest river, the River Ob, just as it is freezing, and endure winter temperatures of -50‘C. But to them this is all just part of a routine that they and their ancestors have been following for many hundreds of years. Â The Nenets supplement their diet by hunting and fishing, but mostly they owe their survival to the reindeer they herd. Herds range in size from 50 in small private herds, to about 7,000 in the largest state farm. Apart from providing reindeer meat to sell, the animals are a source of food, shelter, clothing and transport C The home of a Nenets family is called a 'chum'. It's a teepee made of reindeer skins stretched over long wooden poles. Inside, V there is an open fire in the centre for cooking and heating water. The chum and its site are split into male space and female space and there are many rules concerning each. Women, for example, are not allowed to step over any ropes whereas men should not touch any floorboards or tent poles! D The Nenets have a strong cultural identity and work ethic. The men mostly look after the reindeer, while the women control N domestic issues. Most speak Russian as the children are sent to boarding schools, but amongst themselves they speak a language related to Estonian and Finnish. E It may sound like an idyllic life in beautiful surroundings, but the Nenets' age-old way of life is increasingly under threat Under the Arctic tundra lie huge gas reserves (about a quarter of the reserves in the whole world!) which has brought development such as new roads, railways and pipelines. As a result, the reindeer pastures are shrinking. F Not only this, but climate change causing problems, too. As ê winter comes later and ends earlier, it can be difficult for the Nenets to cross areas of land that are only accessible in winter. G Despite all this, many Nenets choose to stay in the tundra, as they can earn a better income than in the villages. They enjoy the freedom of the nomadic lifestyle. As a result, the population of the Nenets and their herds are still growing as they adapt to the new world around them. 2 a) Read again and match each paragraph (A-G) with its heading (1-8). You can use each heading once. There is one extra heading. Which words helped you decide? 1 Construction bringing challenges 2 Couldn't live without them 3 Not put off by the problems 4 Working and relaxing 5 An extreme lifestyle 6 Responsibilities and expectations 7 Shifting seasons 8 The living space b) Suggest alternative headings. Compare with a partner. 3 Match the words in the list to the words in bold in the text. 1 perfect 2 becoming smaller 3 harsh 4 put up with 5 divided 6 add to Speaking & Writing 4 Read the text again, then imagine you are a Nenets nomad. Write a paragraph about how you feel about your life in your notebook. Read it to the class. Check these words herder, ancestor, state farm, teepee, stretch, pole, work ethic, domestic issues, boarding school, tundra, gas reserves, pipelines, income