Ñòð.42-44 Ìîäóëü 2 ÃÄÇ Starlight Áàðàíîâà 9 êëàññ

Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Áàðàíîâà, Äóëè, Êîïûëîâà 9 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:

2 Skills Reading Study skills Matching headings to paragraphs All the texts are connected by a common theme and are all written in the same style, but each one is independent of the others. Read each heading and find the key words/phrases. Read the texts quickly and try to find words/phrases which paraphrase or are related to the words in the headings. Then try to match the headings to the texts. Remember, though, that the extra heading will be referred to in some way somewhere in the texts to catch you out. Preparing for the task 1 Read the first text. Look closely at the underlined words. Which of the sentences below best summarises the paragraph? a This paragraph describes the structure of volcanoes. b This paragraph tells us how predictable eruptions are. c This paragraph compares earthquakes and volcanoes. 2 Read the texts and match each text (A-G) with its heading (1-8). You can only use each heading once. There is one extra heading. 1 A risky occupation 2 Minor eruptions 3 Living under threat 4 Anger from the heavens 5 Hidden danger 6 Serious consequences 7 Warning signs 8 Out of this world A It is not possible to predict exactly when a volcano will erupt. However, unlike with earthquakes, there are often indications. This is because volcanoes are, by their very nature, weak spots in the Earth's crust, pressure points through which the huge heat and pressures of the magma layer can be released. An eruption is often, though not always, preceded by the release of smoke, steam or even lava. Â Of course, volcanoes are a natural phenomenon that are not only found on Earth. Venus has more active volcanoes than any other planet in the Solar System, while on the moons of Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune can be found the apparent paradox of the ice volcano. Meanwhile, Mars is home to the largest volcano in the Solar System. Called the Tharsis Bulge, it is the size of a continent on Earth, but is fortunately dormant. C A volcanologist is a kind of geologist who has specialised in the study of volcanoes. A major part of this job is the prediction of eruptions (although this still cannot be done with anything close to 100% accuracy). Taking readings from active volcanoes in order to see if they are close to erupting is essential, making this way of making a living far from safe. D It has been estimated that 500 million people live near active volcanoes. This behaviour might seem foolish but for two factors. First, thousands of years often pass between one eruption of a volcano and the next. Also, because of the ash that falls from the sky after an eruption, the soil around a volcano is very rich, making it ideal farmland once the event is over. Still, such people always live in fear of the next blast. E It is believed by some scientists that the eruption of a supervolcano was the event that really finished off the dinosaurs - rather than the meteor strike that is usually blamed. The Minoan Civilisation on Crete was most likely destroyed by the same eruption that made the Greek island of Santorini disappear almost completely into the Aegean Sea. And everyone has heard of Pompeii, buried in moments by tonnes of ash from Mount Vesuvius. F Under the calm and beautiful surface of Yellowstone National Park lies something known as a supervolcano. The Yellowstone Caldera covers thousands of square kilometres and has erupted three times in the past 2.1 million years. When a supervolcano erupts, however, it does not just affect the country that surrounds it, but the entire continent - or even the planet. That's why volcanologists in the USA and worldwide are keeping a dose eye on Yellowstone. G Because of the sudden and devastating effects of volcanic eruptions, it is not surprising that they were put down to the actions of the gods in olden times. Either a god or goddess was furious at something done to him or her, or there was an actual 'volcano god', who was generally a very irritable character. In Hawaii, for example, where volcanoes are very common, there is a goddess of volcanoes called 'Pele'. Speaking Study skills Speaking at length Take your time and cover each point in depth. It will require 12-15 sentences to fill two minutes, so you should aim for an introductory sentence, four sentences on each point and a concluding sentence. Possible topics you might have to talk about are: communication within the family and at school; relations with friends and peers; free time and hobbies of young people; English-speaking countries; your native country; famous people and their contribution to science/world culture; nature and environmental problems; keeping fit; problems with choosing a career; and the role of a foreign language in life. Preparing for the task 3 Look at the task in Ex. 4. Match the points below with the three questions asked in the task. extreme sports are often on television nowadays extreme sports are a way to release energy and tension extreme sports are much too frightening people’s day-to-day lives are sometimes boring sky-diving looks like a great way to feel free some people are tired of conventional sports like football people are interested in testing their own limits ‘safer’ extreme sports like bungee jumping could be fun people have a lot more free time these days 4 You are going to give a talk about extreme sports. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say: why people take part in extreme sports. why doing extreme sports is more popular now than it was in the past. if you have tried/would like to try an extreme sport and why. You have to talk continuously. Writing (a letter) 5 You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-i speaking pen friend, Tom. I've just come back from La Tomatina. It’s a festival in Valencia, Spain, where people take part in a huge tomato fight! ... I'm thinking of going to La Tomatina again next year. Do you think it's something you’d enjoy and why? What's the most unusual festival you've ever been to or heard about? Which place in the world would you most like to visit and why? Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100-120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing. Grammar & Vocabulary Study skills Text completion Read the text quickly to understand the general meaning. Read it again and decide if a noun, an adjective, a verb or an adverb is missing from each gap. Then look at the word in capitals and decide what kind of word it is. Think about how to turn it into the kind of word you need. Read the completed text to make sure it makes sense. Preparing for the task 6 Read the sentences and decide what is missing, a noun, a verb, an adjective or an adverb. 1 I'm an … diver, and have completed 100 hours underwater. 2 The water we jumped into was … cold. 3 The … of the water meant we couldn’t stay in for long. 4 Always dive with a partner to … you don’t get into trouble. b) Find a derivative of the word in capitals that fits each gap. 1 EXPERIENCE … 2 EXTREME … 3 COLD … 4 SURE … 7 Read the text below. Form derivatives from the words in brackets so that they fit the text. Complete the gaps with those new words. Every gap corresponds to a different task (1-6). Dean Karnazes is an athlete with a 1) difference! He is known as "the world's most 2) runner ultramarathon runner', as he ran over 100,000 miles in a decade! By the age of 11. Dean's list of 3) achievements already included hiking across the Grand Canyon and climbing the highest mountain in the USA. 4) Amazingly, every day Dean gets up at 3.30 am, runs a marathon followed by cross-training and bike-riding, then completes another 10-mile run in the afternoon. As his 5) fitness increases. Dean's ambition is to run a marathon in every country in the world. It looks like this will be a real 6) possibility!