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2 Russia Reading & Listening 1 Read the title and introduction of the text. What is it about? Listen and read to find out. Fragile wilderness Russia is the largest country in the world with a total land area of over 17,000,000 km2! It's no surprise that it is full of incredible natural wonders. Some of these places, however, are so wonderful and so fragile, that maybe we shouldn't go there... The Orda Cave, the Western Urals Just as Neil Armstrong once reported back from the Moon, a team of daring and experienced cave divers recently got the chance to go where no one had ever been before when they explored the longest underwater gypsum crystal cave in the world. At temperatures barely above freezing and carrying heavy and expensive equipment the divers took photographs in order to show people the 3-mile-long underwater wonderland. The unique cave is full of stunning rock structures. Because of the gypsum, a mineral that can form dear crystals, the water was so clear that the divers could see over 45 metres ahead of them! The environment in the cave is so delicate that even ø bubbles from the divers could damage it. Because of this, the team used an underwater funnel to take their air bubbles safely out of the cave. They hope that now people can see the stunning photographs of the cave, they will understand how important it is for precious places like this to be protected. Kronotsky Nature Reserve, Kamchatka Peninsula This remote nature reserve along Russia’s Pacific coast covers over 10,000 km! Frequently described as the ‘Land of Fire and Ice’, it is home to the Geyser Valley with the second largest number of steaming geysers in the world. In 2007, the valey was badly damaged by a massive mudslide. This didn’t affect one of the most amazing sights in the valley, though. The Velkan Geyser erupts every á hours, shooting tons of water 30 metres into the air. Also, within the valley lies the 10 km-wide Uzon Caldera; a collapsed volcanic cone where magma heats ground water to near boiling point and produces hundreds of bubbling mud pools, geysers and hot springs. As if all this isn’t enough, take a flight over the crater of the Maly Semyachek volcano and you’ll see a stunning turquoise add lake. It isn’t uncommon to spot the footprints of brown bears on a trip here, either. There are over 800 bears reserve, along with eagles, leaping salmon and other rare wildlife. The wonders at this UNESCO World Heritage Site are endless, but the only way to visit it is by helicopter, and a day trip costs at least $700! Well – perhaps not quite the only way; an online virtual tour of the Geyser Valey has recently been launched! Check these words fragile, wilderness, delicate, funnel, air bubbles, precious, remote, steaming, mudslide, shoot, collapsed, boiling point, bubble, add lake, leap, virtual tour, launch 2 Read the text again. Decide which of the statements (1-8) are T (True), F (False) or NS (Not stated), meaning you can't give a clear answer to them. 1 The divers who explored the Orda Cave were Russian. 2 The divers take tourists on tours to the cave. 3 Visibility in the cave is excellent. 4 The divers damaged the cave. 5 The Geyser Valley has the largest geysers in the world. 6 The Velikan Geyser stopped erupting after the mudslide. 7 It's rare to see a brown bear's footprints in the reserve. 8 It is not possible to visit the reserve on foot. 3 Complete with: bubbles, trip, boiling, springs, virtual, leaping, wonders, rock. 1 natural wonders; 2 hot springs; 3 rock structures; 4 air bubbles; 5 boiling point; 6 leaping salmon; 7 day trip; 8 virtual tour Speaking & Writing 4 ICT Find out about another area of natural beauty in Russia. Make notes on: name, location, what you can see/do there. Write a short text in your notebook, then read it to the class.