Ñòð.26-27 Unit 3 ÃÄÇ Âåðáèöêàÿ Forward 9 êëàññ

Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Âåðáèöêàÿ, Ìàêêèíëè, Õàñòèíãñ 9 êëàññ, Âåíòàíà-Ãðàô:

European Union:

Danielle MacFarlane looks back at the unlikely birth of the European Union. Today twenty-seven countries belong to the European Union. More than 507 million Europeans have the right to live in, work in or travel to other EU countries. Millions of people enjoy friendly Modest beginnings. Six countries sign the Treaty of Home in 1957the beginnings contact with their neighbors across borders. Governments across Europe pass the same laws about employment, food, transport, health and the environment. The EU is also lie largest free market in the world. A typical European supermarket is full of fresh fruit, vegetables, cheeses and meat, that come from all over Europe. Nineteen countries even use die same currency, the euro. In fact, the European Union has a very-big influence over our Uses, but most of us don’t even notice it. Rut if we look at. Europe just three generations ago, we start to understand dial die story of the EU is even more surprising. In 1945, Europe had just experienced the most terrible war in history. Many historians believe that, at least forty million people were killed, although such numbers are very hard to calculate. At die end of the war millions were homeless and much of Europe was in ruins. In fact, famine was a bigger problem in 1947 than it. was during the war years. Worst of all, many countries still didn’t trust each other. It is perhaps a surprise to learn that the first politician to suggest a ‘United Europe’ after die war was Winston Churchill, the British Time Minister during die war years. In September 1946, during a meeting in Switzerland, he said that Europeans should come together to create a United States of Europe’. However, most people, especially in Britain, diouglil dial Cliurcliill’s ideas were shocking or even absurd. Eight months later a huge conference was organized in the Netherlands. Eight hundred important European academics and politicians were invited. Perhaps the most powerful speech was made by Salvador de Madariaga, a Spanish politician and writer;

This Europe must be born. And she will, when Spaniards say ‘our Chartres’, Englishmen say ‘our Cracow’, Italians ‘our Copenhagen’ and Germans ‘our Bruges’. Then Europe will live.

Bui when de Madariaga spoke these words in 1947, it was already too late. Despite the fine words and emotional speeches, the Netherlands conference couldn't save Europe - it was already divided in two. But the idea of ‘a United Europe’ didn’t die completely. A French politician, Robert Schuman, believed that the only way that France and Germany could become good neighbors again was by cooperating economically. In 1951 six countries agreed to regulate trade, prices and production of coal and steel. The experiment was a success, and in 1957 the six countries signed the Treaty of Rome and created the European Economic Community (in 1993, die EEC changed its name to the European Union). Nine more countries joined the organization between 1973 and 1992 and another ten countries became members in 2004, followed by two more in 2007 and one more in 2013.

Perhaps de Maradiaga’s dream will come true one day after all.

READING AND LISTENING

1 In pairs, answer the questions.

Have you been to any country' of the EU?

Does Russia border any countries of die EU?

Would you like Russia to join the EU? Why/ why not?

2 Check you understand these words. Use a dictionary if you need to.

a law a border a currency trades a speech a treaty

3 Read the text ‘European Union: the beginnings’ quickly.

1 How many countries have die same currency/

2 Who suggested a ‘United States of Europe*?

3 When was the Treaty of Rome signed?

4 Put the events in the correct order. Then read the text again, listening to its recording, and check your answers.

1 A major conference is organized.

2 Churchill suggests a ‘United States of Europe’.

3 Schuman tries to keep the idea of cooperation alive.

4 The EEC becomes the EU.

5 The EEC is created.

6 The Second World War ends.

5 Read the text again. Are the statements below true or false? Then correct the wrong sentences.

1 Not all EU countries have introduced the euro.

2 Hunger was a big problem in Europe, even two years after die end of die war.

3 Some countries didn’t have a good relationship with each other after the war.

4 Churchill’s ideas about ‘a United Europe’ were very popular.

5 The Nedierlands conference was a success.

6 De Madariagas vision has become reality.

6 Listen and decide which speakers have negative opinions about the EU. Then listen again and match speakers 1-5 with opinions a-e.

Speaker 1

Speaker 2

Speaker 3

Speaker 4

Speaker 5

a The EU sometimes seems to waste money,

b It makes Europe more democratic and peaceful.

c Too many decisions are made for us without consultation.

d It makes it easier for young people to travel and study abroad.

e It makes Europe more competitive economically.

Òåêñò àóäèðîâàíèÿ:

Speaker 1: [slight Dutch accent] I’m a businessman and I can’t imagine life without the EU. I’m from the Netherlands — it’s a small country. Without the EU it would be difficult for us to compete with the rest of the world. So it’s a very good thing.

Speaker 2: [RP accent] Of course, it seems like a great idea in theory. But the reality is a bit different. For me the worst thing about the EU is that they waste so much money. Millions of Europeans pay taxes to pay for European farming. But we already produce more food than we need. It’s really awful, especially when there is so much famine in other parts of the world. Speaker 3: [German accent]I definitely feel European, but the EU worries me. I mean all these bureaucrats who make decisions about inflation or the size of vegetables ... Did we vote for them? Nobody asks us before they make decisions.

Speaker 4: [Irish accent] I think it has made Europe more democratic. If you compare the population of my country with countries like Britain, France or Germany, we’re quite a small country. But thanks to

the EU, everyone has a voice. So smaller countries like Ireland, Luxembourg, Estonia and Slovakia can make decisions about the future of Europe too. I think that’s very healthy.

Speaker 5: [Manchester accent] Fifteen students from all over Europe have just joined my university course — they’re on a Socrates Exchange Programme. In fact, we’re all going out this evening. For me, that’s the most important thing about the EU, especially for younger people. It really is so easy to travel or study abroad. That’s got to be a good thing, hasn’t it?

7 In pairs, answer the questions.

• Do you think the EU is a good tiling?

• Which of die opinions from Exercise 6 do you agree with most?

VOCABULARY

1 In pairs, complete the fact box with the missing words below.

capital flag national anthem currency govenuuent populadon

Of The United Kingdom - fact box

Mind the trap!

We always use the singular of words like hundred, thousand or million after numbers.

The population of the UK is about sixty million. NOT

Scotland has been part of the UK for about three hundred years. NOT three hundreds

2 In pairs, write a fact box for your country. Use the box in Exercise 1 to help you.

3 Match 1-5 with a-f to make phrases. One verb is used twice.

1 become

2 have

3 make

4 pass

5 sign

a a law

b a treaty

c a member of (the EU)

d die right (to do somediiug)

e a speech

f an influence (on something)

4 Think Back! Reorder the words in capitals.

1 In Britain the Prime Minister is the leader of the OMGENVRETN.

2 After die war five countries signed a peace ATTREY.

3 Sweden and China want to increase RETAD between die two nations.

4 Politicians clapped after the ambassador’s PESCHE.

5 There has been a long debate in RAMPILANET about identity cards.

6 Germany is a BEERMM of the European Union.