Ñòð.100-101 Ðàáî÷àÿ òåòðàäü ÃÄÇ Êîìàðîâà Ëàðèîíîâà 9 êëàññ

Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Êîìàðîâà, Ëàðèîíîâà 9 êëàññ, Ðóññêîå ñëîâî:

Grammar bank 2

Past Simple and Past Continuous

Past Simple

î We use the Past Simple to talk about events in the past.

î All persons are the same.

I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They made a quick decision.

î We make negative sentences in the past with didn't and the infinitive without to.

They didn’t land on the runway.

î We make questions in the past with Did and the infinitive without to.

Did he open the door?

î In short answers we don’t repeat the main verb.

Yes, he did. V Yes, he did open. X

Past Continuous

î We use the Past Continuous to describe an action in progress in the past.

î We form the Past Continuous with subject be + verb + -ing.

They were flying very low.

î In questions, the order is be + subject + verb + -ing.

Were they standing on the rescue raft?

î In short answers, we don’t repeat the verb + -ing.

Yes, they were. V Yes, they were standing. X

î We often use the Past Simple and the Past Continuous in the same sentence.

î We use the Past Simple for short actions. We use the Past Continuous for longer actions.

The Past Simple describes an event that happens during a longer action in the Past Continuous.

î We normally use when before the Past Simple clause and while before the Past Continuous clause.

Flight 1549 was taking off from LaGuardia airport when it hit a flock of birds.

While Flight 1549 was taking off from LaGuardia airport, it hit a flock of birds.

Pronunciation: Past Simple endings

î The pronunciation of Past Simple regular verbs changes, depending on the spelling of the verb:

î When the verb ends in an unvoiced sound, the -ed ending is pronounced [t]: look looked

î When the verb ends in a voiced sound, the -ed ending is pronounced [d]: fail -> failed

î When the verb ends in -t or -d, the -ed ending is pronounced [id]: land landed

î For irregular verbs, see Irregular verbs list, Workbook p134.

Present Perfect

affirmative

I /You/We/They've (have) He/She/It's (has) come here.

negative

I /You/We/They haven’t (have not) He/She/It hasn’t (has not) seen a battle.

questions

Have / Has I /you/we/they he/she/it studied history?

short answers

Yes, I /you/we/they have. Yes, he/she/it has.

No, I /you/we/they haven’t. No, he/she/it hasn’t.

î We use the Present Perfect to talk about experiences in the past, when we don’t mention the exact time. î We use subject + has/have + past participle.

î Regular past participles are the same as Past Simple regular verbs - they end in -ed.

played – played, missed – missed.

î Some irregular past participles are the same as Past Simple irregular verbs: brought – brought, met – met. î Some irregular past participles are different from Past Simple irregular verbs: came – come, saw – seen.

î For irregular past participles, see Irregular verbs list, Workbook p134.

î We often use ever to ask questions about experiences in the past. In short answers we don’t repeat the main verb.

Have you ever been to a historical re-enactment?

Yes, I have. / No, we haven’t.

î We often use never with the Present Perfect to talk about experiences we have not had. We use subject + has/have + never + past participle.

He’s never felt so afraid.

Grammar exercises 2

1 Write sentences using the Past Simple and the Past Continuous.

1 Andrey / cut / his leg / while / he swim

Andrey cut his leg while he was swimming.

2 The pilots / hear / a loud noise / while / the plane / take off

3 I / lose / my bag / while / we / leave / the plane

4 Mark / play / with the dog / when / it / bite / him on the hand

5 They / lie / on the beach / when / it / start / to rain

6 You / look at / my answers / when /1 / finish / the exam

7 Elena / wear / her favourite dress / when / she / fall / in the water

8 He / have / the accident / while / he / talk / on his mobile phone

2 Complete the questions with the Past Simple or Past Continuous form of the verbs in the box.

Do, give, go, hurt, leave, live, sit, take off

1 What time did the plane take off?

2 Who was he sitting next to when the film started?

3 How did you hurt your arm?

4 Did she give you a birthday present?

5 Were you going to the gym when I saw you last weekend?

6 What were you doing when I got home last night?

7 What time did you leave the party last night?

8 Where were they living when you first met them?

3 Circle the verb with the ending that has a different sound.

1 looked hoped started washed

2 wanted needed explained exploded

3 arranged kissed organized survived

4 asked landed visited waited

5 coughed collapsed finished managed

6 watched crashed missed survived

4 Complete the table with the correct form of the verbs.

Past Simple

learnt (2)

came (4)

saw (6)

introduced (8)

past participle

(1) learnt

worried (3)

heard (5)

begun (7)

gone

5 Complete the sentences with the present perfect affirmative or negative form of the verbs in brackets.

1 She’s seen the film about the Russian Revolution. (see)

2 We haven't learnt about the the English Civil War at school. (not leam)

3 The cat has eaten my dinner! (eat)

4 I haven't read any of J.K. Rowling’s books. (not read)

5 Lola and Jaime have joined the group. (join)

6 You haven't met my brother. (not meet)

7 Lydia hasn't answered my text message. (not answer)

8 I have gone shopping. (go)

6 Complete the questions with the Present Perfect form of the verbs in the box and ever.

Be, buy, play, eat, see, sleep, study, win

1 Have you ever been to the USA?

2 Have you ever won a competition?

3 Have you ever played chess?

4 Have you ever seen a ghost?

5 Have you ever slept in a castle?

6 Have you ever bought something you don’t wear?

7 Have you ever eaten snails?

8 Have you ever studied for the wrong exam?