3 Read the text and choose the correct verb forms.
Why losers in life have smell of failure
Scientists have discovered that people’s sense of smell can make the difference between success and failure. The influence can be so powerful that once a particular smell (1) becomes associated with failure any future exposure can turn winners into losers.
Scientists at a scientific center in Philadelphia (2) succeeded in proving this idea by putting volunteers inside a maze (лабиринт) to see if they were able to find their way out. While they (3) were trying to solve the problem, they didn’t know that they (4) were being exposed to a flower scent. What they also did not know was that it was an impossible maze and that they (5) were bound to fail (были обречены на неудачу).
Some time later, the volunteers (6) took another, but this time solvable test; some were exposed to the same smell, and others to another smell or no smell at all.
Dr Ruth Hertz, who (7) led the research, said: “We found that those who were exposed to the same smell as for the maze task (8) performed significantly worse. The feeling of failure induced (вызванное) by the smell led them to perform below their natural ability in the second and solvable test. Our results suggest that smells that (9) have acquired specific emotional responses can change behaviour and performance.”
Dr Hertz and her team (10) are now working on the smell of success. The idea is that if the smell of failure can turn people into losers, then a smell associated with success could turn losers into winners. “If you had the smell that (11) was associated with success and achievement it could be used later to motivate people.” she said.
(Adapted from The Independent 16 November 1999)
Why losers in life have smell of failure
Scientists have discovered that people’s sense of smell can make the difference between success and failure. The influence can be so powerful that once a particular smell (1) becomes associated with failure any future exposure can turn winners into losers.
Scientists at a scientific center in Philadelphia (2) succeeded in proving this idea by putting volunteers inside a maze (лабиринт) to see if they were able to find their way out. While they (3) were trying to solve the problem, they didn’t know that they (4) were being exposed to a flower scent. What they also did not know was that it was an impossible maze and that they (5) were bound to fail (были обречены на неудачу).
Some time later, the volunteers (6) took another, but this time solvable test; some were exposed to the same smell, and others to another smell or no smell at all.
Dr Ruth Hertz, who (7) led the research, said: “We found that those who were exposed to the same smell as for the maze task (8) performed significantly worse. The feeling of failure induced (вызванное) by the smell led them to perform below their natural ability in the second and solvable test. Our results suggest that smells that (9) have acquired specific emotional responses can change behaviour and performance.”
Dr Hertz and her team (10) are now working on the smell of success. The idea is that if the smell of failure can turn people into losers, then a smell associated with success could turn losers into winners. “If you had the smell that (11) was associated with success and achievement it could be used later to motivate people.” she said.
(Adapted from The Independent 16 November 1999)
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