Ñòð.106-107 Unit 7-8 ÃÄÇ Êîìàðîâà Ëàðèîíîâà 10 êëàññ

Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Êîìàðîâà, Ëàðèîíîâà 10 êëàññ, Ðóññêîå ñëîâî:

Learn about psychology

You're either clever or you’re not. It’s simple, isn’t it? Some people are just more intelligent than others, aren't they? Well, it depends on what we mean by intelligence. You may think that intelligence is just another word for being clever, but according to the psychologist Howard Gardner things aren't so straightforward.

Gardner believed that the traditional measures of intelligence, such as IQ tests, arc flawed because they measured only one kind of intelligence. He argued that there are many kinds of intelligence. Most of us. he said, arc stronger in one kind of intelligence but weaker in others. Here are some of the intelligences Gardner described.

A Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence

People with this kind of intelligence arc good at sport and dance, but also other physical activities such as acting or building things. This kind of intelligence involves music memory. While some people are good at memorizing words or sounds, these people remember physical movements.

 Interpersonal Intelligence

This is all about understanding other people. If you have this kind of intelligence, you are sensitive to others' feelings and understanding their moods. You co-operate well with others, and you can persuade them to agree with you if necessary.

C Linguistic Intelligence

These people arc clever with words, spoken and written. They remember words and stories well. They can also use words well to communicate. They are skilled at explaining things, telling stories and generally playing with words. If you have this kind of intelligence, you usually find learning foreign languages easy.

Musical Intelligence

If you arc musically intelligent, you are sensitive to pitch (how high or low a sound is) and to the quality of sound. You will also be aware of different rhythms and able to produce them. Those who arc musically intelligent find it easy and enjoyable to play, sing and compose.

E Intrapersonal Intelligence

People who have strong intrapersonal intelligence know themselves well. They understand what they want, what they really need and what their strengths and weaknesses are. They tend to spend a lot of time mulling over difficulties. They are good at dealing with philosophical ideas.

F Logical-mathematical Intelligence

This is what most people tend to think of as ‘intelligence'. It includes the ability to do complicated calculations and to deal with numbers in general. However, those who have this kind of intelligence arc also good at thinking logically and have a good understanding of cause and effect relationships.

G Visio-spatial Intelligence

People with this kind of intelligence have strong memories for images, colors and scenes. They are able to understand and create visual copies of real things, so they are usually artistic. They are good at reading maps or any skill that requires being able to notice visual details.

So we are all good at different things. Perhaps that’s not such a surprising idea, but Gardner said much more than this. He argued that we learn everything better when we learn it using our strongest intelligence. Think of language learning, for example. Some people learn more quickly simply by hearing the language - perhaps by listening to pop songs. These people probably have a more developed musical intelligence. There are other people, though, who need to read the language and make written notes in order to remember words. These people prefer using their linguistic intelligence. So. what's the best' way to learn a language? The answer will be different for each of us.

What about you? What kind of intelligence do you have?

A Read the text about different types of intelligence. Then look at the photos below the text and decide what kind of intelligence or intelligences the people are using.

 Choose the best way to complete each sentence so that it summarizes the information in the text.

1 The problem with intelligence tests is that they...

a don't measure your ‘whole' intelligence,

b are too difficult for most learners.

2 Gardner believed that...

a there is more than one kind of intelligence,

b intelligence is impossible to measure.

3 Gardner believed that most people ...

a only have one kind of intelligence.

b have a preference for using one kind of intelligence.

4 The text suggests that each of us ...

a has our own way to learn something,

b learns some things better than others.

C What kind of intelligence do you need to do these jobs? Explain your answer.

D Match the words and phrases in bold in the text v/ith the definitions below.

1 pictures

2 simple

3 storing in memory

4 sums

5 thinking about

6 full of problems

7 work with other people

8 write music

Project