Óïð.3b Ìîäóëü 6a ÃÄÇ Spotlight 11 êëàññ
Çàäàíèå â ó÷åáíèêå 2023 ãîäà:
3b Ïðî÷èòàéòå òåêñò è ñîïîñòàâüòå êàæäóþ ÷àñòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ (1-7) ñ ïðîïóñêîì (A-F). Îäíà ÷àñòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ëèøíÿÿ. Ñðàâíèòå îòâåòû ñ âàøèì îäíîêëàññíèêîì.
1 âûñìàòðèâàÿ âñïûøêè ëàçåðíîãî ñâåòà
2 ê ãðóïïå çâ¸çä â íàøåé ãàëàêòèêå íà ðàññòîÿíèè 25 000 ñâåòîâûõ ëåò
3 Òîò ôàêò, ÷òî ìû çà äåñÿòèëåòèÿ íè÷åãî íå íàøëè
4 ïîèñêè áóäóò ïðîäîëæàòüñÿ
5 ïðîñòî çàäóìûâàòüñÿ — íåäîñòàòî÷íî
6 óæå ó÷àñòâóþò
7 SETI ïîäâåðãñÿ êðèòèêå
Ïðèâåò… Åñòü ëè êòî-òî òàì?
Âû êîãäà-íèáóäü ÷èòàëè èñòîðèþ î ÷åëîâåêå, êîòîðûé óòâåðæäàåò, ÷òî åãî ïîõèòèëè èíîïëàíåòÿíå? Èëè, ìîæåò áûòü, îí ãîâîðèò, ÷òî âèäåë ÍËÎ? Áîëüøèíñòâî ëþäåé íå âîñïðèíèìàþò òàêèå ðàññêàçû âñåðü¸ç, íî äàâàéòå ïðèçíàåì: ïî÷òè êàæäûé èç íàñ õîòÿ áû ðàç ñìîòðåë â çâ¸çäíîå íåáî è çàäóìûâàëñÿ — îäíè ëè ìû âî Âñåëåííîé èëè íåò. Íî äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ëþäåé À) ïðîñòî çàäóìûâàòüñÿ — íåäîñòàòî÷íî. Îíè óêàçûâàþò íà òî, ÷òî çâ¸çä âî Âñåëåííîé áîëüøå, ÷åì ïåñ÷èíîê íà âñåõ ïëÿæàõ ìèðà. Îíè óáåæäåíû, ÷òî èíîïëàíåòÿíå äåéñòâèòåëüíî ñóùåñòâóþò, è åñëè ýòî òàê, îíè ïîëíû ðåøèìîñòè óñòàíîâèòü ñ íèìè êîíòàêò!
 1960-õ ãîäàõ àñòðîíîìû ïðîãðàììû SETI (ïîèñê âíåçåìíîãî ðàçóìà) íà÷àëè ñâîè âûñîêîòåõíîëîãè÷íûå ïîèñêè èíîïëàíåòíîé æèçíè, è ýòà ðàáîòà ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ äî ñèõ ïîð. Ó÷¸íûå ïðîñëóøèâàþò ðàäèîâîëíû, ñêàíèðóÿ íåáî ñ ïîìîùüþ ãèãàíòñêèõ ðàäèîòåëåñêîïîâ, òàêèõ êàê «Àðåñèáî» â Ïóýðòî-Ðèêî. Îíè òàêæå èçó÷àþò íåáî, Â) âûñìàòðèâàÿ âñïûøêè ëàçåðíîãî ñâåòà, êîòîðûå èíîïëàíåòíûå öèâèëèçàöèè ìîãóò ïîñûëàòü ÷åðåç êîñìîñ. Ïîèñêè îñíîâàíû íà ãèïîòåçå, ÷òî èíîïëàíåòÿíå ìîãóò íàìåðåííî îòïðàâëÿòü ñèãíàëû ñâÿçè âî Âñåëåííóþ, èëè ÷òî ñèãíàëû ñ èõ ïëàíåò ìîãóò ñëó÷àéíî âûõîäèòü â êîñìîñ — òàê æå, êàê è íàøè ñîáñòâåííûå òåëåðàäèîñèãíàëû.
Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ó÷¸íûì, âîçìîæíî, ïðèä¸òñÿ ñìèðèòüñÿ ñ òåì, ÷òî øàíñ íàéòè òî, ÷òî îíè èùóò, î÷åíü ìàë. Âî-ïåðâûõ, äàæå åñëè òàêèå «èíîïëàíåòíûå öèâèëèçàöèè» ñóùåñòâóþò, îíè ìîãóò áûòü íå íàñòîëüêî òåõíîëîãè÷åñêè ðàçâèòû, ÷òîáû îáùàòüñÿ íà áîëüøèõ ðàññòîÿíèÿõ. Ñ) Òîò ôàêò, ÷òî ìû çà äåñÿòèëåòèÿ íè÷åãî íå íàøëè, äîâîëüíî óäðó÷àþùèé. Åñëè ó íèõ íåò ðàäèî, SETI èõ íå îáíàðóæèò. Ê òîìó æå, â íàøåé ãàëàêòèêå — ñòî ìèëëèàðäîâ çâ¸çä, è ìèëëèàðä âîçìîæíûõ ðàäèîêàíàëîâ äëÿ âûáîðà, òàê ÷òî ìîæåò ïðîéòè î÷åíü ìíîãî âðåìåíè, ïðåæäå ÷åì ìû «íàñòðîèìñÿ» íà ñèãíàë îò èíîïëàíåòÿí!
Òàê ïî÷åìó áû íàì ñàìèì íå îòïðàâëÿòü ñîîáùåíèÿ? Äåëî â òîì, ÷òî ýòî ïðîñòî íå òàê èíòåðåñíî äëÿ íàñ. Äàæå åñëè áëèæàéøàÿ öèâèëèçàöèÿ íàõîäèòñÿ íà ðàññòîÿíèè 500 ñâåòîâûõ ëåò, íàì ïðèä¸òñÿ æäàòü 1000 ëåò, ÷òîáû ïîëó÷èòü îòâåò! Òåì íå ìåíåå, â 1974 ãîäó ìû âñ¸ æå îòïðàâèëè ðàäèîñîîáùåíèå ñ îñíîâíîé èíôîðìàöèåé î ÷åëîâå÷åñòâå. Îíî áûëî íàïðàâëåíî D) ê ãðóïïå çâ¸çä â íàøåé ãàëàêòèêå íà ðàññòîÿíèè 25 000 ñâåòîâûõ ëåò. Åñëè òàì åñòü ðàçóìíàÿ æèçíü, ìû ïîëó÷èì îòâåò ïðèìåðíî â 52 000 ãîäó!
À õîòèòå ñàìè ïîó÷àñòâîâàòü â ïîèñêå ðàçóìíîé âíåçåìíîé æèçíè? Òîãäà ïðîåêò SETI@home êàê ðàç äëÿ âàñ! Ïîñëå óñòàíîâêè ñïåöèàëüíîé çàñòàâêè íà êîìïüþòåð, îí áóäåò àíàëèçèðîâàòü íåèçâåñòíûå èëè íåîáû÷íûå ñèãíàëû ñ ðàäèîòåëåñêîïîâ, êîãäà âû èì íå ïîëüçóåòåñü. Ìèëëèîíû ëþäåé èç áîëåå ÷åì 200 ñòðàí E) óæå ó÷àñòâóþò â ýòîì ïðîåêòå.
Òàê ÷òî æå íàñ æä¸ò äàëüøå? Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî ó íàñ äî ñèõ ïîð íåò íè åäèíîãî óáåäèòåëüíîãî äîêàçàòåëüñòâà ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ èíîïëàíåòíîé æèçíè, ÿñíî îäíî — F) ïîèñêè áóäóò ïðîäîëæàòüñÿ! Íî, ìîæåò áûòü, ìû çàáûâàåì îäíó âàæíóþ âåùü: ìû, êîíå÷íî, õîòèì ïîãîâîðèòü ñ èíîïëàíåòÿíàìè, íî õîòÿò ëè îíè ãîâîðèòü ñ íàìè? Òîëüêî âðåìÿ — âîçìîæíî, òûñÿ÷è ëåò — ïîêàæåò.
Ðåøåíèå #
A – 5
B – 1
C – 3
D – 2
E – 6
F – 4
Çàäàíèå â ó÷åáíèêå 2019 ãîäà:
b) Ïðî÷èòàéòå è ïîäñòàâüòå êàæäîå ïðåäëîæåíèå (A-H) â ïðîïóñê (1-7). Ñóùåñòâóåò îäíî ëèøíåå ïðåäëîæåíèå, êîòîðîå âàì íå íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü. Ñðàâíèòå ñ âàøèì ñîñåäîì.
A Îíè òàêæå ïðî÷¸ñûâàþò íåáî â ïîèñêàõ âñïûøåê ëàçåðíîãî ñâåòà, êîòîðûé âíåçåìíûå öèâèëèçàöèè ìîãóò èçëó÷àòü â ïðîñòðàíñòâå.
 Íó, ïðîñòî ïîòîìó, ÷òî ýòî ïðîñòî íå èíòåðåñíî äëÿ íàñ.
Ñ Îíî áûëî íàïðàâëåíî ê ãðóïïå çâåçä â íàøåé ãàëàêòèêå â 25000 ñâåòîâûõ ãîäàõ îò Çåìëè.
D Ôàêò òîãî, ÷òî ìû íè÷åãî íå íàøëè â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ïîèñêîâ äîâîëüíî îçàäà÷èâàåò.ì
E Ìû õîòèì ïîãîâîðèòü ñ èíîïëàíåòÿíàìè íîðìàëüíî, íî õîòÿò ëè ïðèøåëüöû ïîãîâîðèòü ñ íàìè?
F Íî äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ëþäåé èíòåðåñà ïðîñòî íåäîñòàòî÷íî.
G Ìèëëèîíû ëþäåé áîëåå ÷åì â 200 ñòðàíàõ óæå ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñòèå.
Í Åñëè ó íèõ íåò ðàäèî, SETI íå íàéä¸ò èõ!
Çäðàâñòâóéòå... Çäåñü åñòü êòî-íèáóäü?
Âû êîãäà-íèáóäü ÷èòàëè èñòîðèþ î òåõ, êòî ãîâîðèò, ÷òî îíè áûëè ïîõèùåíû(abducted) èíîïëàíåòÿíàìè? Èëè, âîçìîæíî, îíè óòâåðæäàþò, ÷òî âèäåëè ÍËÎ? Áîëüøèíñòâî ëþäåé íå âîñïðèíèìàþò ýòè ðàññêàçû âñåðüåç, íî äàâàéòå ñìîòðåòü ïðàâäå â ãëàçà... Áîëüøèíñòâî èç íàñ â êàêîé-òî ìîìåíò(at some point) îêàçûâàëèñü ñìîòðÿùèìè â íî÷íîå çâåçäíîå íåáî, çàäàâàÿ ñåáå âîïðîñ, îäíè ëè ìû âî âñåëåííîé èëè íåò.1) Íî äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ëþäåé, èíòåðåñà íåäîñòàòî÷íî. Îíè óêàçûâàþò(point out) íà òî, ÷òî çâåçä â êîñìîñå áîëüøå ÷åì ïåñ÷èíîê(grains of sand) íà âñåõ ïëÿæàõ ìèðà. Îíè óáåæäåíû(convinced), ÷òî èíîïëàíåòÿíå è èõ äðóçüÿ äåéñòâèòåëüíî òàì åñòü, è åñëè òàê, òî îíè ïîëíû ðåøèìîñòè, ÷òîáû óñòàíîâèòü êîíòàêò!
 1960 ãîäó àñòðîíîìû íà÷àëè ïðîãðàììó ïî îõîòå(hunt) çà âíåçåìíûìè öèâèëèçàöèÿìè (SETI), êîòîðàÿ ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ ïî ñåé äåíü. Ó÷åíûå ñëóøàþò ðàäèîâîëíû, èçó÷àÿ íåáî ÷åðåç(sweeping the skies) áîëüøèå ðàäèîòåëåñêîïû, òàêèå êàê "Àðåñèáî" â Ïóýðòî-Ðèêî. 2) Îíè òàêæå ïðî÷¸ñûâàþò íåáî â ïîèñêàõ âñïûøåê ëàçåðíîãî ñâåòà, êîòîðûé âíåçåìíûå öèâèëèçàöèè ìîãóò èçëó÷àòü â ïðîñòðàíñòâå. Ïîèñêè îñíîâàíû íà ãèïîòåçå î òîì, ÷òî èíîïëàíåòÿíå ìîãóò íàìåðåííî(intentionally) îòñûëàòü ñèãíàëû ñâÿçè ïî âñåé âñåëåííîé, èëè, ñèãíàëû èõ ìèðîâ ìîãóò âûðûâàòüñÿ â ïðîñòðàíñòâî - òàê æå, êàê è íàøè ñîáñòâåííûå ñèãíàëû ðàäèî, òåëåâèäåíèÿ è âîåííûå âåùàòåëüíûå(military broadcast) ñèãíàëû óõîäÿò â êîñìîñ.
Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ó÷åíûì, âîçìîæíî, ïðèä¸òñÿ ñòîëêíóòüñÿ ñ ôàêòîì(face the fact), ÷òî âîçìîæíîñòü íàõîæäåíèÿ òîãî, ÷òî îíè èùóò, î÷åíü ìàëà. Äëÿ… íà÷àëà, äàæå åñëè ýòè "èíîïëàíåòíûå öèâèëèçàöèè(civilisations)" äåéñòâèòåëüíî ñóùåñòâóþò, îíè ìîãóò áûòü íå äîñòàòî÷íî òåõíîëîãè÷åñêè ïðîäâèíóòûìè, ÷òîáû îáùàòüñÿ íà áîëüøèõ ðàññòîÿíèÿõ.3)Ôàêò òîãî, ÷òî ìû íè÷åãî íå íàøëè â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ïîèñêîâ äîâîëüíî îçàäà÷èâàåò. Êðîìå òîãî, òîëüêî â íàøåé ãàëàêòèêå 100 ìèëëèàðäîâ çâ¸çä, è ìèëëèàðäû âîçìîæíûõ ðàäèîêàíàëîâ íà âûáîð, ýòî ìîæåò çàíÿòü î÷åíü ìíîãî âðåìÿ ó íàñ, ÷òîáû íàñòðîèòüñÿ íà èíîïëàíåòÿí! Òàê ïî÷åìó áû íàì íå ïîñûëàòü ñîáñòâåííûå ñîîáùåíèÿ âìåñòî ýòîãî? 4) Íó, ïðîñòî ïîòîìó, ÷òî ýòî íå èíòåðåñíî äëÿ íàñ. Äàæå åñëè áëèæàéøàÿ öèâèëèçàöèÿ áûëà áû íà ðàññòîÿíèè 500 ñâåòîâûõ ëåò, òî ìû äîëæíû áûëè áû ñèäåòü(sit around) 1000 ëåò â îæèäàíèè îòâåòà! Òåì íå ìåíåå(all the same), â 1974 ãîäó, ìû äåéñòâèòåëüíî òðàíñëèðîâàëè ðàäèî-ñîîáùåíèå, ñîäåðæàùåå îñíîâíóþ èíôîðìàöèþ î) ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé ðàñå(the human race).5)Îíî áûë íàïðàâëåíî íà ãðóïïó çâåçä â íàøåé ãàëàêòèêå íà ðàññòîÿíèè 25000 ñâåòîâûõ ëåò. Åñëè ðàçóìíàÿ æèçíü ñóùåñòâóåò, ìû óñëûøèì îò íèõ îòâåò â 52000 ãîäó!
Òàê êàê âû ñåáå ïðåäñòàâëÿåòå ñâîå ïðèñîåäèíåíèå ê ïîèñêó ðàçóìíîé æèçíè? ×òî æ, ïðîåêò «SETI@home» ïîçâîëÿåò âàì ñäåëàòü ýòî. Ïîñëå çàãðóçêè èñêóñíîé çàñòàâêè, âàø êîìïüþòåð áóäåò àíàëèçèðîâàòü(analyze) íåèçâåñòíûå èëè íåîáû÷íûå ñèãíàëû îò ðàäèî-òåëåñêîïîâ âñÿêèé ðàç, êîãäà âû íå èñïîëüçóåòå åãî. 6) Ìèëëèîíû ëþäåé áîëåå ÷åì â 200 ñòðàíàõ óæå ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñòèå. Îäíàêî äî ñèõ ïîð èíîïëàíåòÿíå íå ‘çâîíÿò äîìîé’!
Òàê êóäà æå íàì äâèãàòüñÿ äàëüøå? Íó, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî ìû åùå íå íàøëè è êëî÷êà(shred) óáåäèòåëüíûõ(convincing) äîêàçàòåëüñòâ òîãî, ÷òî èíîïëàíåòíàÿ æèçíü ñóùåñòâóåò, îäíî ìîæíî ñêàçàòü òî÷íî - ïîèñê áóäåò ïðîäîëæàòüñÿ(go on)! Íî, âîçìîæíî, ìû çàáûâàåì îäíó âàæíóþ âåùü.7)Ìû õîòèì ãîâîðèòü ñ èíîïëàíåòÿíàìè, íî õîòÿò ëè ãîâîðèòü ñ íàìè èíîïëàíåòÿíå? Òîëüêî âðåìÿ, âîçìîæíî ÷åðåç òûñÿ÷è ëåò, ïîêàæeò!
Ðåøåíèå #
1-F
2-À
3-D
4-Â
5-Ñ
6-G
7-Å
Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Þëèÿ Âàóëèíà, Äæóííè Äóëè 11 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:
3b Read the text and match each sentence part (1-7) to a gap (A-F). There is one extra sentence part you do not need to use. Compare with your partner.
1 looking for flashes of laser light
2 at a group of stars in our galaxy 25,000 light years away
3 that we have found nothing after decades of looking
4 the search will go on
5 wondering is just not enough
6 have already taken part
7 SETI has received criticism
b Read and match each sentence (A-H) to a gap (1-7 . There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. Compare with your partner.
A They also comb the skies looking for flashes of laser light that alien civilisations might be beaming across space.
B Well, simply because it's just not that interesting for us.
C It was directed to a group of stars in our galaxy 25,000 light years away.
D The fact that we have found nothing after decades of looking is pretty discouraging.
E We want to talk to the aliens all right, but do the aliens want to talk to us?
F But for some people, wondering is just not enough.
Have you ever read a story about someone who says they have been abducted by aliens? Or perhaps they claim to have seen a UFO? Most people don't take these tales seriously, but let's face it... most of us have at some point found ourselves gazing up into the starry night sky, wondering if we are alone in the universe or not.
They point out that there are more stars in the cosmos than grains of sand on all the beaches of the world. They are convinced that ET1 and his friends are indeed out there and if so, they are determined to establish contact!
In the 1960s, astronomers of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) programme began their high-tech hunt for extraterrestrial life that continues to this day. The scientists listen to radio waves by sweeping the skies with huge radio telescopes such as 'Arecibo' in Puerto Rico.
I The searches are based on the hypothesis that aliens may be intentionally sending communication signals out across the universe, or that signals from their worlds could be escaping into space - just as our own radio, television and military broadcast signals escape into the cosmos.
Unfortunately, the scientists may have to face the fact that the possibility of finding what they are looking for is very small. For
G Millions of piople in over 200 countries have already taken part.
H) If they don't have radio, SETI won't findthem!
Hello… Is Anyone Out There?
Have you ever read a story about someone who says they have been abducted by a «ns? Or perhaps they claim to have seen a UFO? Most people don’t take these tales seriously, but let’s face it: most of us have at some point found ourselves gazing up into the starry night sky, wondering if we are alone in the universe or not. But for some people, A … . They point out that there are more stars in the cosmos than grains of sand on all the beaches of the world. They are convinced that ET and his friends are indeed out there and if so, they are determined to establish contact!
In the 1960s, astronomers of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) programme began their high-tech hunt for extraterrestrial life that continues to this day. The scientists listen to radio waves by sweeping the skies with huge radiо telescopes such as ‘Arecibo’ in Puerto Rico. They also comb the skies В … that alien civilisations might be beaming across space. The searches are based on the hypothesis that aliens may be intentionally sending communication signals out across the universe, or that signals from their worlds could be escaping into space – just as our own radio, television and military broadcast signals escape into the cosmos.
Unfortunately, the scientists may have to face the fact that the possibility of finding what they are looking for is very small. For a start, even if these ’alien civilisations’ do exist, they might not be technologically advanced enough to communicate over long distances. The fact C ..... is pretty discouraging. If they don't have radio, SETI won’t find them. Also, with a hundred billion stars in our galaxy alone, and a billion possible radio channels to choose from, it might take a very long time for us to tune in to ET! So, why don't we send our own messages instead? Well, simply because it's just not that interesting for us. Even if the nearest civilisation was as close as 500 light years' away, we would have to sit around for 1000 years waiting for a reply! All the same, in 1974, we did broadcast a radio message containing basic information about the human race. It was directed D ...... If there is intelligent life there, we will hear from them around the year 52,000!
So, how do you fancy joining in the search for intelligent alien life yourself? Well, the ‘SETI@home’ project allows you to do exactly that. After downloading a clever screensaver, your computer will analyse unknown or unusual signals from radio telescopes whenever you are not using it. Millions of people in over 200 countries E … .
So where do we go from here? Well, despite the fact that we have not yet found a shred of convincing evidence that alien life exists, one thing is for sure – F ..... ! But perhaps we’re forgetting one important thing. We want to talk to aliens all right, but do the aliens want to talk to us? Only time, perhaps thousands of years, will tell!
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