Óïð.2 Ìîäóëü 1a ÃÄÇ Spotlight 11 êëàññ
Çàäàíèå â ó÷åáíèêå 2023 ãîäà:
Ñîîòíåñèòå òåêñòû A–G ñ çàãîëîâêàìè 1–8. Çàïèøèòå ñâîè îòâåòû â òàáëèöó. Êàæäûé íîìåð ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òîëüêî îäèí ðàç. Îäèí çàãîëîâîê ëèøíèé.
Ñåìåéíûå óçû...ïî âñåìó ìèðó
×òî äåëàåò ñåìüþ â Ìîñêâå îòëè÷íîé îò ñåìüè â Ïåêèíå? È ÷òî äåëàåò èõ ïîõîæèìè? Íåçàâèñèìî îò òîãî, îòêóäà âû ðîäîì, ñåìüÿ — ýòî êîëûáåëü æèçíè è ëþáâè, ìåñòî, ãäå âû ÷óâñòâóåòå ñåáÿ îñîáåííûì, çàùèù¸ííûì è ïðèíÿòûì.
À
«ß åäèíñòâåííûé(only child) ðåáåíîê â ñåìüå, ïîòîìó ÷òî â 1979 ãîäó ïðàâèòåëüñòâî ìîåé ñòðàíû ââåëî ïîëèòèêó (policy) îäíîäåòíûõ ñåìåé äëÿ óïðàâëåíèÿ äåìîãðàôè÷åñêèì âçðûâîì â Êèòàå.  ñåëüñêîé ìåñòíîñòè, íåñêîëüêî ïîêîëåíèé ÷àñòî æèâóò ïîä îäíîé êðûøåé!  ãîðîäñêèõ ðàéîíàõ, îäíàêî, æèëü¸ íåáîëüøîå è â í¸ì ìîæåò ðàçìåñòèòüñÿ òîëüêî íóêëåàðíàÿ ñåìüÿ (ãäå æèâåò ìàìà ïàïà è äåòè, íî íåò ñòàðøåãî ïîêîëåíèÿ), òàê ÷òî ÿ æèâó òîëüêî ñ ìîèìè ðîäèòåëÿìè. Âñå ìîè ðîäñòâåííèêè æèâóò íåäàëåêî. Ìû çàáîòèìñÿ è ïîìîãàåì äðóã äðóãó è ïðîâîäèì ìíîãî âðåìåíè âìåñòå. Ïî÷òåíèå (honour) ñåìüè î÷åíü âàæíî â êèòàéñêîì îáùåñòâå, òàê æå êàê è óâàæåíèå ê ñòàðøèì (elders).
Êèòàé, Cheung, 16
B
«ß åäèíñòâåííûé ðåáåíîê (only child) â ñåìüå, è ÿ æèâó ñ ðîäèòåëÿìè è "áàáóøêîé", êàê ìû ãîâîðèì çäåñü, â Ðîññèè. Ìîé äåäóøêà ñêîí÷àëñÿ â ïðîøëîì ãîäó, ïîýòîìó áàáóøêà îñòàâèëà ñâîé äîì â äåðåâíå è ïðèåõàëà æèòü ñ íàìè ñþäà â ãîðîä. Êîãäà ÿ áûëà ìàëåíüêîé, ÿ æèëà ñ áàáóøêîé è äåäóøêîé íà äà÷å è âî ìíîãîì îíè áûëè êàê ðîäèòåëè äëÿ ìåíÿ. ß íå âèæó ìîèõ ðîäèòåëåé ñòîëüêî, êàê õîòåëîñü áû, òàê êàê îíè ìíîãî ðàáîòàþò. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ìû íàó÷èëèñü èñïîëüçîâàòü ìàêñèìàëüíî íàøå âðåìÿ âìåñòå, òàê, ÷òî íå áûâàåò ñêó÷íûõ (dull) ìîìåíòîâ â íàøåì äîìå! "
Ðîññèÿ, Natasha, 15
C
"Ìîè ðîäèòåëè æèâóò ðàçäåëüíî, òàê ÷òî ìû ñ ñåñòðîé æèâ¸ì ñ íàøåé ìàìîé. Ìû ïðîâîäèì áîëüøóþ ÷àñòü âûõîäíûõ ó íàøåãî îòöà, õîòÿ, êàê ñ÷èòàþò íàøè ðîäèòåëè ýòî âàæíî, ÷òî îíè îáà îñòàþòñÿ (remain) áîëüøîé ÷àñòüþ íàøåé æèçíè. ß ïî÷òè íå âèæó íèêîãî èç ìîèõ áàáóøåê è äåäóøåê, òàê êàê îíè æèâóò â ðàçíûõ ãîðîäàõ. ß î÷åíü áëèçîê ñ ìîåé áàáóøêîé ïî ìàìå (maternal), ïîýòîìó, ÿ ãîâîðþ ñ íåé ìíîãî ïî òåëåôîíó.
Àíãëèÿ, Thomas, 17
D
"Ìîÿ ñåìüÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ öåíòðîì ìîåé æèçíè. Ñåìåéíàÿ èåðàðõèÿ (hierarchy) ÿâëÿåòñÿ î÷åíü âàæíîé â Èîðäàíèè è ìîëîäûå îêàçûâàþò óâàæåíèå ñòàðøèì âñ¸ âðåìÿ. Âñòóïëåíèå â áðàê è ñîçäàíèå ñåìüè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðèîðèòåòíîé çàäà÷åé äëÿ ìåíÿ. Ìîé áðàê, âåðîÿòíî, áóäåò îðãàíèçîâàí ìîèì îòöîì, ÷òî âïîëíå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíî çäåñü. Ó ìåíÿ áîëüøàÿ ñåìüÿ è ìîé äîì ÷àñòî ïîëîí ðîäñòâåííèêîâ, ïîñåùàþùèõ íàñ. Äåéñòâèòåëüíî, ïîíÿòèå (concept) ÷àñòíîé æèçíè íå ñâîéñòâåííî íàì, Èîðäàíöàì!
Èîðäàíèÿ, Aalia, 17
E
 Ãàíå, êîãäà ìû ãîâîðèì «ñåìüÿ», ýòî âêëþ÷àåò ðîäèòåëåé, áàáóøåê è äåäóøåê, ò¸òåé, äÿäåé, äâîþðîäíûõ áðàòüåâ è ñåñò¸ð. Äåòåé âîñïèòûâàþò âñå âìåñòå, ïîýòîìó ó íàñ î÷åíü áëèçêèå îòíîøåíèÿ. Êîãäà ìíå áûëî âîñåìü, ìû ñ äâóìÿ áðàòüÿìè ïåðååõàëè â ãîðîä âìåñòå ñ ðîäèòåëÿìè, ïîýòîìó òåïåðü ìû íå æèâ¸ì â îäíîì äîìå ñ áàáóøêàìè, äåäóøêàìè, ò¸òÿìè, äÿäÿìè è äâîþðîäíûìè áðàòüÿìè è ñ¸ñòðàìè. ß î÷åíü ïî íèì ñêó÷àþ, íî ìû âñåãäà âîçâðàùàåìñÿ â äåðåâíþ íà êàíèêóëû.
Ãàíà, Àáàí, 18 ëåò
F
"ßïîíöû ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî ñèëà è ïîääåðæêà (support) ñåìüè èìååò âàæíîå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ ñâîåãî ïîòåíöèàëà â æèçíè. Êàê è âñåõ ÿïîíñêèõ äåòåé, ìåíÿ ó÷èëè ïîä÷èíÿòüñÿ (obey) âëàñòè è áûòü î÷åíü âåæëèâûì, òàê êàê ïëîõîå ïîâåäåíèå ìîãëî áû íåãàòèâíî îòðàçèòñÿ íà ìîåé ñåìüå. Áûòü ðîäèòåëåì ñ÷èòàåòñÿ î÷åíü âàæíîé ðîëüþ. Ìîÿ ñåñòðà è ¸å ìóæ(øóðèí), êàê òîëüêî ðîäèëñÿ èõ ïåðâûé ðåáåíîê, îíè ñòàëè íàçûâàòü äðóã äðóãà “Otoosan” è “Okaasan” (Îòåö è Ìàòü), à íå ñâîèìè èìåíàìè. Ýòî î÷åíü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíî çäåñü!
ßïîíèÿ, Takumi, 18
G
"Ìîè ðîäèòåëè èç ìíîãîäåòíûõ ñåìåé, íî â íàøåé òîëüêî ìîé áðàò è ÿ. Õîòÿ ðîæäàåìîñòü ñèëüíî óïàëà (dropped) çäåñü â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû, ñåìüÿ ïî-ïðåæíåìó èìååò ïðèîðèòåò (takes priority). Ìîè ðîäèòåëè çàñòàâëÿþò íàñ ÷óâñòâîâàòü ñåáÿ îñîáåííûìè. Ìû ìîæåì îòêðûòî âûðàæàòü ìíåíèå è íàøè ìíåíèÿ ñëóøàþò. Ó íàñ åñòü ìíîãî ñåìåéíûõ ïðàçäíèêîâ, è ìû ÷àñòî ðàçäåëÿåì âîñêðåñíûé îáåä ñ áàáóøêîé è äåäóøêîé, òåòåé, äÿäåé è êóçåíàìè. Âðåìÿ ïðèåìà ïèùè äåéñòâèòåëüíî âàæíî äëÿ íàñ, êàê è äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà èòàëüÿíöåâ. Ïîñëå îáåäà, ìû ÷àñòî îäåâàåìñÿ è âûõîäèì íà "Passeggiata", âå÷åðíþþ ïðîãóëêó (stroll).
Èòàëèÿ, Sylvia, 19
1 — Âñå ïîìîãàþò âîñïèòûâàòü äåòåé
2 — Ñåìüÿ è çàêîí
3 — Ñåìüÿ íà ïåðâîì ìåñòå
4 — Ðàçäåëåíèå âðåìåíè ìåæäó ðîäèòåëÿìè
5 — Ìíîãî áðàòüåâ è ñåñò¸ð
6 — Êîãäà âñÿ ñåìüÿ ñîáèðàåòñÿ âìåñòå
7 — Æèòü ñ ïîæèëûì ðîäñòâåííèêîì
8 — Ðåïóòàöèÿ ñåìüè âàæíà
Ðåøåíèå #
A-8
B-7
Ñ-4
D-3
E-1
F-2
G-6
Çàäàíèå â ó÷åáíèêå 2019 ãîäà:
2 Ïðî÷èòàéòå òåêñò íà ñòð.10-11. Êàêîé ÷åëîâåê/ëþäè...
Ñåìåéíûå óçû...ïî âñåìó ìèðó
×åì îòëè÷àåòñÿ ñåìüÿ â Ìîñêâå îò ñåìüè â Ïåêèíå? È ÷òî èõ îáúåäèíÿåò? Íå âàæíî, îòêóäà âû ðîäîì, ñåìüÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîëûáåëüþ æèçíè è ëþáâè, ìåñòîì, ãäå âû ÷óâñòâóåòå ñåáÿ îñîáåííî, áåçîïàñíî è ïðèÿòíî. Äàâàéòå âçãëÿíåì èçíóòðè íà æèçíü øåñòè ïîäðîñòêîâ ñî âñåãî ìèðà, êàê ìû âèäèì, îñîáåííûå ñîáûòèÿ, êóëüòóðíûå òðàäèöèè (cultural traditions) è ñåìåéíûå óçû - âñå ýòî èãðàåò ðîëü â ôîðìèðîâàíèè óíèêàëüíîé ñòðóêòóðû è îáðàçà æèçíè êàæäîãî èç ÷ëåíîâ èõ ñåìåé
Êèòàé
«ß åäèíñòâåííûé ðåáåíîê â ñåìüå, ïîòîìó ÷òî â 1979 ãîäó ïðàâèòåëüñòâî ìîåé ñòðàíû ââåëî ïîëèòèêó (policy) îäíîäåòíûõ ñåìåé äëÿ óïðàâëåíèÿ äåìîãðàôè÷åñêèì âçðûâîì â Êèòàå.  ñåëüñêîé ìåñòíîñòè, íåñêîëüêî ïîêîëåíèé ÷àñòî æèâóò ïîä îäíîé êðûøåé!  ãîðîäñêèõ ðàéîíàõ, îäíàêî, æèëü¸ íåáîëüøîå è â í¸ì ìîæåò ðàçìåñòèòüñÿ òîëüêî íóêëåàðíàÿ ñåìüÿ (ãäå æèâåò ìàìà ïàïà è äåòè, íî íåò ñòàðøåãî ïîêîëåíèÿ), òàê ÷òî ÿ æèâó òîëüêî ñ ìîèìè ðîäèòåëÿìè. Âñå ìîè ðîäñòâåííèêè æèâóò íåäàëåêî. Ìû çàáîòèìñÿ è ïîìîãàåì äðóã äðóãó è ïðîâîäèì ìíîãî âðåìåíè âìåñòå. Ïî÷òåíèå (honour) ñåìüè î÷åíü âàæíî â êèòàéñêîì îáùåñòâå, òàê æå êàê è óâàæåíèå ê ñòàðøèì (elders).
Cheung, 16
Ðîññèÿ
«ß åäèíñòâåííûé ðåáåíîê (only child) â ñåìüå, è ÿ æèâó ñ ðîäèòåëÿìè è "áàáóøêîé", êàê ìû ãîâîðèì çäåñü, â Ðîññèè. Ìîé äåäóøêà ñêîí÷àëñÿ â ïðîøëîì ãîäó, ïîýòîìó áàáóøêà îñòàâèëà ñâîé äîì â äåðåâíå è ïðèåõàëà æèòü ñ íàìè ñþäà â ãîðîä. Êîãäà ÿ áûëà ìàëåíüêîé, ÿ æèëà ñ áàáóøêîé è äåäóøêîé íà äà÷å è âî ìíîãîì îíè áûëè êàê ðîäèòåëè äëÿ ìåíÿ. ß íå âèæó ìîèõ ðîäèòåëåé ñòîëüêî, êàê õîòåëîñü áû, òàê êàê îíè ìíîãî ðàáîòàþò. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ìû íàó÷èëèñü èñïîëüçîâàòü ìàêñèìàëüíî íàøå âðåìÿ âìåñòå, òàê, ÷òî íå áûâàåò ñêó÷íûõ (dull) ìîìåíòîâ â íàøåì äîìå! "
Natasha, 15
ñòð.11
Èòàëèÿ
"Ìîè ðîäèòåëè èç ìíîãîäåòíûõ ñåìåé, íî â íàøåé òîëüêî ìîé áðàò è ÿ. Õîòÿ ðîæäàåìîñòü ñèëüíî óïàëà (dropped) çäåñü â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû, ñåìüÿ ïî-ïðåæíåìó èìååò ïðèîðèòåò (takes priority). Ìîè ðîäèòåëè çàñòàâëÿþò íàñ ÷óâñòâîâàòü ñåáÿ îñîáåííûìè. Ìû ìîæåì îòêðûòî âûðàæàòü ìíåíèå è íàøè ìíåíèÿ ñëóøàþò. Ó íàñ åñòü ìíîãî ñåìåéíûõ ïðàçäíèêîâ, è ìû ÷àñòî ðàçäåëÿåì âîñêðåñíûé îáåä ñ áàáóøêîé è äåäóøêîé, òåòåé, äÿäåé è êóçåíàìè. Âðåìÿ ïðèåìà ïèùè äåéñòâèòåëüíî âàæíî äëÿ íàñ, êàê è äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà èòàëüÿíöåâ. Ïîñëå îáåäà, ìû ÷àñòî îäåâàåìñÿ è âûõîäèì íà "Passeggiata", âå÷åðíþþ ïðîãóëêó (stroll).
Sylvia, 19
Àíãëèÿ
"Ìîè ðîäèòåëè æèâóò ðàçäåëüíî, òàê ÷òî ìû ñ ñåñòðîé æèâ¸ì ñ íàøåé ìàìîé. Ìû ïðîâîäèì áîëüøóþ ÷àñòü âûõîäíûõ ó íàøåãî îòöà, õîòÿ, êàê ñ÷èòàþò íàøè ðîäèòåëè ýòî âàæíî, ÷òî îíè îáà îñòàþòñÿ (remain) áîëüøîé ÷àñòüþ íàøåé æèçíè. ß ïî÷òè íå âèæó íèêîãî èç ìîèõ áàáóøåê è äåäóøåê, òàê êàê îíè æèâóò â ðàçíûõ ãîðîäàõ. ß î÷åíü áëèçîê ñ ìîåé áàáóøêîé ïî ìàìå (maternal), ïîýòîìó, ÿ ãîâîðþ ñ íåé ìíîãî ïî òåëåôîíó.
Thomas, 17
Èîðäàíèÿ
"Ìîÿ ñåìüÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ öåíòðîì ìîåé æèçíè. Ñåìåéíàÿ èåðàðõèÿ (hierarchy) ÿâëÿåòñÿ î÷åíü âàæíîé â Èîðäàíèè è ìîëîäûå îêàçûâàþò óâàæåíèå ñòàðøèì âñ¸ âðåìÿ. Âñòóïëåíèå â áðàê è ñîçäàíèå ñåìüè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðèîðèòåòíîé çàäà÷åé äëÿ ìåíÿ. Ìîé áðàê, âåðîÿòíî, áóäåò îðãàíèçîâàí ìîèì îòöîì, ÷òî âïîëíå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíî çäåñü. Ó ìåíÿ áîëüøàÿ ñåìüÿ è ìîé äîì ÷àñòî ïîëîí ðîäñòâåííèêîâ, ïîñåùàþùèõ íàñ. Äåéñòâèòåëüíî, ïîíÿòèå (concept) ÷àñòíîé æèçíè íå ñâîéñòâåííî íàì, Èîðäàíöàì!
Aalia, 17
ßïîíèÿ
"ßïîíöû ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî ñèëà è ïîääåðæêà (support) ñåìüè èìååò âàæíîå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ ñâîåãî ïîòåíöèàëà â æèçíè. Êàê è âñåõ ÿïîíñêèõ äåòåé, ìåíÿ ó÷èëè ïîä÷èíÿòüñÿ (obey) âëàñòè è áûòü î÷åíü âåæëèâûì, òàê êàê ïëîõîå ïîâåäåíèå ìîãëî áû íåãàòèâíî îòðàçèòñÿ íà ìîåé ñåìüå. Áûòü ðîäèòåëåì ñ÷èòàåòñÿ î÷åíü âàæíîé ðîëüþ. Ìîÿ ñåñòðà è ¸å ìóæ(øóðèí), êàê òîëüêî ðîäèëñÿ èõ ïåðâûé ðåáåíîê, îíè ñòàëè íàçûâàòü äðóã äðóãà “Otoosan” è “Okaasan” (Îòåö è Ìàòü), à íå ñâîèìè èìåíàìè. Ýòî î÷åíü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíî çäåñü!
Takumi, 18
1 îáúÿñíÿåò, ÷òî åãî ïîâåäåíèå ìîæåò ïîâëèÿòü íà ðåïóòàöèþ ñâîåé ñåìüè?
2 ãîâîðèò, ÷òî ëþäè, âûñîêî îöåíèâàþò ñòàðøåå ïîêîëåíèå â èõ ñòðàíàõ?
3 íå èìååò áðàòüåâ è ñåñòåð?
4 íå áóäåò âûáèðàòü ñâîåãî ñîáñòâåííîãî ìóæà/æåíó?
5 íå æèâóò ñ îáîèìè ðîäèòåëÿìè?
6 æåëàåò âèäåòü ÷ëåíà ñâîåé ñåìüè áîëüøå âðåìåíè?
Ðåøåíèå #
1 Takumi (Japan)
2 Cheung (China), Aalia (Jordan), Takumi (Japan)
3 Cheung (China), Natasha (Russia)
4 Aalia (Jordan)
5 Thomas (England)
6 Natasha (Russia)
Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Þëèÿ Âàóëèíà, Äæóííè Äóëè 11 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:
2 Read the text on pp. 10-11. Which person/people...
1 explains that their behaviour can affect their family's reputation?
2 say that people have high regard for the older generation in their countries?
3 doesn't have any siblings?
4 won't choose their own husband/wife?
5 don't live with both parents?
6 wishes they could see a member of their family more?
‘I am an only child because, in 1979, the government in my country introduced a one-child-per-family policy to control China's population explosion. In the countryside, several generations often live under one roof! In urban areas, however, housing is small and can only accommodate a nuclear family, so I live with just my parents. All my relations live close by. We care for and help each other and spend a lot of time together. Family honour is very important in Chinese society, as is respect for your elders.', _ ,
'I am an only child and I live with my parents and my grandma, or ‘babushka’ as we say here in Russia. My grandpa passed away last year so Babushka left her house in the country to come and live with us here in the city. When I was young I lived with my grandparents at their dacha and in many ways they were like parents to me. I don't see my parents as much as I would like, as they work long hours. Still, we've learnt to make the most of our time together, so there's never a dull moment in our house!'
'My parents are separated, so my sister and I live with our mum. We spend most weekends at our father's place though, as our parents think it is important that they both remain a big part of our lives. I don't see much of either of my grandparents as they live in different cities. I am very close to my maternal grandmother though, and I speak to her on the phone a lot.'
My family is the centre of my life. Family hierarchy is very important in Jordan and the young show respect to the old at all times. Getting married and having a family is a top priority for me. My marriage will probably be arranged by my father, which is quite common here. I have a large family and my house is often full of relatives visiting us. Indeed, the concept of privacy is alien to us Jordanians!
'In Ghana, when we say family, it includes parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins. Children are raised by everybody, so we have very close relationships. When I was eight, my two brothers and I moved to the city with my parents, so we don't live in the same house as my grandparents and aunts and uncles and cousins anymore. I really miss them, but we always go back to the village on holidays.
The Japanese believe that the strength and support of the family is essential for reaching your full potential in life. Like all Japanese children, I was taught to obey authority and to be very polite, as poor behaviour would reflect badly on my family. Being a parent is considered a very important role. My sister and brother-in-law have just had their first child, so they have started calling each other 'Otoosan'and 'Okooson' (Father and Mother) instead of their first names. This is very common here!' JAPAN йШ.18 ,
'My parents both come from large families, but in ours there’s just my brother and me. Although the birth rate has dropped a lot here in recent years, family still takes priority. My parents make us feel special. We can express ourselves openly and have our opinions listened to. We have lots of family celebrations and we often share Sunday lunch with my grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins. Meal times are really important to us, as they are to most Italians. After dinner, we often dress up and go out for a passeggiota, or evening stroll.'
Ïîïóëÿðíûå ðåøåáíèêè 11 êëàññ Âñå ðåøåáíèêè
*ðàçìåùàÿ òåêñòû â êîììåíòàðèÿõ íèæå, âû àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ñîãëàøàåòåñü ñ ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêèì ñîãëàøåíèåì