Óïð.2 Ìîäóëü 8 Spotlight on Exams ÃÄÇ Spotlight 11 êëàññ
Çàäàíèå â ó÷åáíèêå 2023 ãîäà:
Ñîïîñòàâüòå çàãîëîâêè (1-8) ñ òåêñòàìè (À-G). Çàíåñèòå ñâîè îòâåòû â òàáëèöó. Êàæäûé çàãîëîâîê ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òîëüêî îäèí ðàç. Îäèí çàãîëîâîê ëèøíèé.
1 Òÿæåëàÿ æèçíü â ìîðå
2 Âåëèêîëåïíàÿ äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòü
3 Ïîìîùü ïðèðîäû
4 Ðàñïëà÷èâàÿñü çà ýòî
5 Äðåâíèå äîðîãè
6 Ñîñòàâëåíèå íåáåñíûõ êàðò
7 Óäèâèòåëüíûå äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòè
8 Ëþáàÿ ìåëî÷ü ìîæåò ïîìî÷ü
À) Èíäèéñêèé ëåòíèé ìóññîí – ýòî ñåçîí îáèëüíûõ äîæäåé, êîòîðûé äëèòñÿ ñ èþíÿ ïî ñåíòÿáðü êàæäîãî ãîäà. Îí âûçâàí ñèëüíûì âåòðîì, êîòîðûé äóåò ñ þãî-çàïàäà è ïðèíîñèò â íåêîòîðûå ðàéîíû äî 10.000 ìì îñàäêîâ.  Èíäèè ïðèâåòñòâóþò ëåòíèå ìóññîíû, ïîñêîëüêó ôåðìåðû ïîëíîñòüþ çàâèñÿò îò äîæäåé äëÿ îðîøåíèÿ ñâîèõ ïîñåâîâ. Ñåçîí ñèëüíûõ ìóññîíîâ ïðàçäíóåòñÿ, ïîñêîëüêó ýòî îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî óðîæàé áóäåò õîðîøèì.
B) ‘Ñåìü ÷óäåñ ñâåòà äðåâíåãî ìèðà’ – ýòî ñïèñîê èç ñåìè çàìå÷àòåëüíûõ èñêóññòâåííûõ ñîîðóæåíèé, êîòîðûå ñóùåñòâîâàëè â Ñðåäèçåìíîìîðüå â äðåâíèå âðåìåíà. Âåëèêàÿ ïèðàìèäà â Ãèçå â Åãèïòå – åäèíñòâåííîå ÷óäî, ñîõðàíèâøååñÿ äî íàøèõ äíåé. Ñóùåñòâóåò ìíîæåñòâî íîâûõ ñïèñêîâ ÷óäåñ. Íàïðèìåð, ñóùåñòâóåò ñïèñîê ñåìè ïðèðîäíûõ ÷óäåñ ñâåòà, â êîòîðûé âõîäÿò ãîðà Ýâåðåñò è Áîëüøîé áàðüåðíûé ðèô.
C)  Äðåâíåì Ðèìå âîéíû íà ìîðå âåëèñü íà ãàëåðàõ – êîðàáëÿõ, íà êîòîðûõ ìóæ÷èíû ðàáîòàëè âåñëàìè. Ãðåáöàìè íà ýòèõ ãàëåðàõ, êàê ïðàâèëî, áûëè ðàáû, âîåííîïëåííûå èëè ïðåñòóïíèêè. Ðàáû íà ãàëåðàõ æèëè â óæàñíûõ óñëîâèÿõ. Èõ áèëè ïëåòüìè, ó íèõ áûëî î÷åíü ìàëî åäû, è îíè áûëè ïðèêîâàíû ê âåñëàì, ÷òî îçíà÷àëî, ÷òî, åñëè èõ ãàëåðà çàòîíåò, îíè óòîíóò. Áîëüøèíñòâî ïîãèáëî â ìîðå.
D) ‘Øåëêîâûé ïóòü’ – ýòî íàçâàíèå, äàííîå ðÿäó òîðãîâûõ ïóòåé ìåæäó âåëèêèìè äðåâíèìè èìïåðèÿìè Êèòàÿ íà Âîñòîêå è Ðèìîì íà Çàïàäå. Ïåðâûé èç ýòèõ ìàðøðóòîâ íà÷àëñÿ îêîëî 100 ã. äî í.ý. è â êîíå÷íîì èòîãå ðàñòÿíóëñÿ áîëåå ÷åì íà 4000 ìèëü. Ïî ýòèì ìàðøðóòàì òîðãîâàëè øåëêîì, ñîëüþ, ýêçîòè÷åñêèìè ñïåöèÿìè è ìíîãèìè äðóãèìè òîâàðàìè. Êóïöû, ïóòåøåñòâîâàâøèå ïî Âåëèêîìó Øåëêîâîìó ïóòè, ñòàëêèâàëèñü ñî ìíîãèìè îïàñíîñòÿìè, òàê êàê ìàðøðóòû áûëè ïîëíû ãðàáèòåëåé.
E) Ýðñ-ðîê, èëè Óëóðó, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé îãðîìíîå ñêàëüíîå îáðàçîâàíèå â Öåíòðàëüíîé Àâñòðàëèè. Îíà âîçâûøàåòñÿ íà 348 ì íàä çåìëåé è èìååò 9 êì âîêðóã ñâîåãî îñíîâàíèÿ.  çàâèñèìîñòè îò ïîãîäíûõ óñëîâèé è âðåìåíè ñóòîê ñêàëà ìîæåò ðåçêî ìåíÿòü öâåò. Îíà ìîæåò áûòü ëþáîãî öâåòà – îò ñèíåãî äî ôèîëåòîâîãî è ÿðêî-êðàñíîãî. ‘Óëóðó’ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñâÿùåííûì äëÿ êîðåííîãî íàñåëåíèÿ Àâñòðàëèè, àáîðèãåíîâ. ‘Óëóðó’ îçíà÷àåò «ìåñòî âñòðå÷è», è îíè âåðÿò, ÷òî îíî áûëî ñîçäàíî ñóùåñòâàìè-ïðåäêàìè ïðè ñîòâîðåíèè ìèðà.
F) Âàø óãëåðîäíûé ñëåä – ýòî êîëè÷åñòâî óãëåðîäà, êîòîðîå âû ëè÷íî ïðîèçâîäèòå çà ãîä. Ïî÷òè âñå, ÷òî âû äåëàåòå, ïðÿìî èëè êîñâåííî âûáðàñûâàåò óãëåðîä â âîçäóõ, áóäü òî ïîëåò íà Êàðèáñêèå îñòðîâà â îòïóñê èëè ïîêóïêà óïàêîâàííîãî ñýíäâè÷à íà îáåä. Ïîñêîëüêó ãëîáàëüíîå ïîòåïëåíèå ñâÿçàíî ñ êîëè÷åñòâîì óãëåðîäà â àòìîñôåðå, ìû âñå äîëæíû ñòàðàòüñÿ óìåíüøèòü ñâîé óãëåðîäíûé ñëåä. Äàæå íåáîëüøèå èçìåíåíèÿ, íàïðèìåð, îòêàç îò âêëþ÷åíèÿ ñòåðåîñèñòåìû â ðåæèì îæèäàíèÿ, ìîãóò èìåòü áîëüøîå çíà÷åíèå.
G) Ñàìûå ðàííèå èç èçâåñòíûõ êàðò áûëè íàéäåíû â ïåùåðàõ Ëàñêî âî Ôðàíöèè. Èì ïî÷òè 20 000 ëåò, è îíè ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîé êàðòû ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ çâåçä íà íî÷íîì íåáå. Íà îäíîé èç êàðò èçîáðàæåíû òðè çâåçäû â îáëàñòè íåáà, èçâåñòíîé íàì êàê «Ëåòíèé òðåóãîëüíèê». Äðóãàÿ êàðòà, ïî-âèäèìîìó, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé êàðòó çâåçäíîãî ñêîïëåíèÿ, èçâåñòíîãî êàê «Ñåìü ñåñòåð». Ýòè êàðòû ïîêàçûâàþò, ÷òî ëþäè ñ äàâíèõ âðåìåí áûëè î÷àðîâàíû íåáîì.
Ðåøåíèå #
A – 3
B – 7
C – 1
D – 5
E – 2
F – 8
G – 6
Çàäàíèå â ó÷åáíèêå 2019 ãîäà:
Ñîïîñòàâüòå çàãîëîâêè (A-H) ñ ïóíêòàìè (1-7). Åñòü îäèí çàãîëîâîê, êîòîðûé âàì íå íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü.
Ïîìîùü ïðèðîäû
Èíäèéñêèé ëåòíèé ìóññîí - òÿæåëûé ñåçîí äîæäåé, êîòîðûé äëèòñÿ ñ èþíÿ ïî ñåíòÿáðü êàæäûé ãîä. Ýòî îáóñëîâëåíî îñíîâíîé ñèñòåìîé âåòðîâ, êîòîðûå ïðèõîäÿò ñ Þãî-çàïàäà è ïðèíîñÿò äî 10000 ìì îñàäêîâ â íåêîòîðûõ ðàéîíàõ. Ëåòíèé ìóññîí ïðèâåòñòâóåòñÿ â Èíäèè, òàê êàê ôåðìåðû ïîëíîñòüþ çàâèñÿò îò äîæäåé äëÿ îðîøåíèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ êóëüòóð. Ñèëüíûé ñåçîí äîæäåé ïðàçäíóåòñÿ, ïîñêîëüêó ýòî îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî óðîæàé áóäåò õîðîøèì.
Ïîðàçèòåëüíûå äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòè
«Ñåìü ÷óäåñ äðåâíåãî ìèðà» - ýòî ñïèñîê èç ñåìè çàìå÷àòåëüíûõ ñîçäàííûõ ðóêàìè ÷åëîâåêà ñòðîåíèé, êîòîðûå ñóùåñòâîâàëè â ðàéîíå Ñðåäèçåìíîãî ìîðÿ â äðåâíèå âðåìåíà. Ïèðàìèäà Õåîïñà â Åãèïòå – åäèíñòâåííîå, ÷òî óäèâëÿåò äî ñèõ ïîð. Ñóùåñòâóåò ìíîãî íîâûõ ñïèñêîâ ÷óäåñ. Íàïðèìåð, åñòü "Ñåìü ïðèðîäíûõ ÷óäåñ ñâåòà" - ñïèñîê, êîòîðûé âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ ãîðó Ýâåðåñò è Áîëüøîé Áàðüåðíûé ðèô.
Òÿæåëàÿ ìîðñêàÿ æèçíü
 äðåâíåì Ðèìå, ìîðñêèå âîéíû âåëèñü íà ãàëåðàõ - ñóäàõ, êîòîðûå ïîëàãàëèñü íà ìóæ÷èí, ãðåáóùèõ âåñëàìè. Òå, êòî ãðåá ýòè ãàëåðû, êàê ïðàâèëî, áûëè ðàáàìè, âîåííîïëåííûìè èëè ïðåñòóïíèêàìè. Íà ãàëåðå ðàáû æèëè â óæàñíûõ óñëîâèÿõ. Èõ õëåñòàëè è áèëè, ó íèõ áûëî î÷åíü ìàëî ïèùè, è îíè áûëè ïðèêîâàíû öåïüþ ê èõ â¸ñëàì, ÷òî îçíà÷àëî, ÷òî åñëè èõ ãàëåðà ïîéäåò êî äíó, îíè óòîíóò. Áîëüøèíñòâî óìåðëî â ìîðå.
Äðåâíèå äîðîãè
«Øåëêîâûé ïóòü» - ýòî íàçâàíèå, äàííîå ñåðèè òîðãîâûõ ïóòåé ìåæäó âåëèêèìè äðåâíèìè èìïåðèÿìè Êèòàÿ íà Âîñòîêå è Ðèìîì íà Çàïàäå. Ïåðâûé èç ýòèõ ìàðøðóòîâ áûë îñíîâàí îêîëî 100 ëåò. äî í.ý. è â êîíå÷íîì èòîãå ïðîñòèðàëñÿ áîëåå ÷åì íà 4000 ìèëü. Øåëê, ñîëü, ýêçîòè÷åñêèå ñïåöèè è ìíîãèå äðóãèå ïðåäìåòû áûëè ïðîäàíû ïî ýòèì ìàðøðóòàì. Êóïöû, äâèãàâøèåñÿ ïî Âåëèêîìó øåëêîâîìó ïóòè, ñòàëêèâàëèñü ñî ìíîãèìè îïàñíîñòÿìè, òàê êàê ìàðøðóòû áûëè ïîëíû ðàçáîéíèêîâ è âîðîâ.
Âåëèêîëåïíûé îðèåíòèð
Àéåðñ-ðîê èëè Óëóðó - îãðîìíîå ñêàëüíîå îáðàçîâàíèå â öåíòðàëüíîé Àâñòðàëèè. Îíî ïðîñòèðàåòñÿ íà 348 ì îò çåìëè è ïåðèìåòðîì â 9 êì.  çàâèñèìîñòè îò ïîãîäíûõ óñëîâèé è âðåìåíè ñóòîê, êàìåíü ìîæåò ðåçêî èçìåíÿòü öâåò. Ìîæåò ïîÿâèòüñÿ ÷òî-òî îò ñèíåãî äî ôèîëåòîâîãî äî ïûëàþùåãî êðàñíîãî. Óëóðó ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñâÿùåííûì äëÿ àâñòðàëèéñêèõ êîðåííûõ íàðîäîâ - àáîðèãåíîâ. "Óëóðó", îçíà÷àåò "ìåñòî âñòðå÷è", è îíè ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî îíî áûëî îáðàçîâàííî ïðåäêàìè âî âðåìÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ìèðà.
Êàæäàÿ ÷àñòè÷êà ïîìîãàåò
Óãëåêèñëûé ãàç îòíîñèòñÿ ê ñóììå ïðîèçâîäèìîãî âàìè óãëåðîäà. Ïî÷òè âñå, ÷òî âû äåëàåòå ïðÿìî èëè êîñâåííî, âûïóñêàåò óãëåêèñëûé ãàç â âîçäóõ, áóäü òî ïîëåò íà Êàðèáû äëÿ îòäûõà èëè ïîêóïêà óïàêîâàííîãî áóòåðáðîäà íà îáåä. Òàê êàê ãëîáàëüíîå ïîòåïëåíèå ñâÿçàíî ñ êîëè÷åñòâîì âûáðàñûâàåìîãî óãëåêèñëîãî ãàçà â àòìîñôåðó, âñå ìû äîëæíû ïîïûòàòüñÿ ñîêðàòèòü íàøè âûáðîñû óãëåðîäà. Äàæå íåáîëüøèå èçìåíåíèÿ, òàêèå êàê íå îñòàâëÿòü ñòåðåî â ðåæèìå îæèäàíèÿ, ìîãóò èãðàòü âàæíóþ ðîëü.
Íåáåñíûå êàðòû
Ñàìàÿ ðàííÿÿ èç èçâåñòíûõ êàðò áûëà íàéäåíà â ïåùåðàõ Ëàñêî âî Ôðàíöèè. Èì ïî÷òè 20.000 ëåò, è îíè ÿâëÿþòñÿ êàðòàìè çâåçä â íî÷íîì íåáå, îäíà êàðòà èìååò òðè çâåçäû â îáëàñòè íåáà, êîòîðóþ ìû çíàåì êàê «Ëåòíèé òðåóãîëüíèê». Äðóãàÿ, êàæåòñÿ, êàðòà çâ¸çäíîé ïûëè, èçâåñòíàÿ êàê "Ñåìü ñåñòåð". Ýòè êàðòû ïîêàçûâàþò, ÷òî ëþäè áûëè î÷àðîâàíû íåáîì ñ î÷åíü ðàííèõ âðåìåí.
Ðåøåíèå #
1-Ñ
2-G
3-A
4-E
5-B
6-H
7-F
Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Þëèÿ Âàóëèíà, Äæóííè Äóëè 11 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:
Match the headings (1-8) to the texts (A-G). Put your answers into the table. Each number can only be used once. There is one extra heading.
1 A Hard Life at Sea
2 Magnificent Landmark
3 Help From Nature
4 Paying the Price
5 Ancient Roads
6 Charting the Skies
7 Wondrous Sights
8 Every Bit Helps
A) The Indian summer monsoon is a heavy rainy season that occurs from June to September each year. It is caused by a major wind system that comes from the southwest bringing up to 10,000 mm of rain to some areas. The summer monsoon is welcomed in India as farmers completely depend on the rain to irrigate their crops. A strong monsoon season is celebrated as it means the harvest will be good.
B) The ‘Seven Wonders of the Ancient World’ are a list of seven remarkable man-made constructions that existed in the Mediterranean area in ancient times. The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt is the only wonder that still stands today. There are many new lists of wonders. For example, there is the ‘Seven Natural Wonders of the World’ list, which includes Mount Everest and the Great Barrier Reef.
C) In ancient Rome, wars at sea were fought on galleys – ships which relied on men to row them with oars. The men who rowed these galleys were typically slaves, prisoners of war, or criminals. Galley slaves lived in terrible conditions. They were whipped and beaten, they had very little food, and they were chained to their oars, which meant if their galley sank, they would drown. Most died at sea.
D) The ‘Silk Road’ is the name given to a series of trade routes between the great ancient empires of China in the East and Rome in the West. The first of these routes began around 100 BC and eventually extended more than 4,000 miles. Silk, salt, exotic spices and many other items were traded along these routes. Merchants travelling along the Silk Road faced many dangers, as the routes were full of robbers and thieves.
E) Avers Rock, or Uluru, is an enormous rock formation in central Australia. It extends 348 m from the ground and is 9 km around its base. Depending on the weather conditions and the time of day, the rock can change colour dramatically. It can appear anything from blue to violet to glowing red. ‘Uluru’ is sacred to Australia’s native people, the Aborigines. ‘Uluru’, means ‘meeting place’ and they believe that it was formed by ancestral beings during the creation of the world.
F) Your carbon footprint refers to the amount of carbon you personally produce in a year. Almost everything you do directly or indirectly releases carbon into the air, whether it’s flying to the Caribbean on holiday or buying a packaged sandwich for lunch. As global warming is linked to the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, we should all try to reduce our carbon footprint. Even small changes, like not leaving your stereo on standby, can make a big difference.
G) The earliest known maps were found in the Lascaux caves, in France. They date back almost 20,000 years and are maps of the stars in the night sky. One map is of three stars in an area of the sky we know as the ‘Summer Triangle’. Another appears to be a map of the cluster of stars known as the ‘Seven Sisters’. These maps show that humans have been fascinated by the heavens from very early times.
Ïîïóëÿðíûå ðåøåáíèêè 11 êëàññ Âñå ðåøåáíèêè
*ðàçìåùàÿ òåêñòû â êîììåíòàðèÿõ íèæå, âû àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ñîãëàøàåòåñü ñ ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêèì ñîãëàøåíèåì