Óïð.1 Ìîäóëü 5 Spotlight on Exams ÃÄÇ Spotlight 11 êëàññ
Ñîïîñòàâüòå çàãîëîâêè (A-H) ñ àáçàöàìè (1-7). Ñóùåñòâóåò îäèí çàãîëîâîê, êîòîðûé âàì íå íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü.
Òåêñò â ó÷åáíèêå 2023 ãîäà:
A) Äàò÷èêè äûìà â äîìàõ ñïàñëè ìíîæåñòâî æèçíåé. Îíè óëàâëèâàþò íàëè÷èå äûìà â ïîìåùåíèè è ïðåäóïðåæäàþò æèëüöîâ ãðîìêèì çâóêîâûì ñèãíàëîì, äàâàÿ èì âðåìÿ íà ýâàêóàöèþ. ×òîáû îíè îñòàâàëèñü â õîðîøåì ðàáî÷åì ñîñòîÿíèè, èõ ñëåäóåò ïðîâåðÿòü íå ðåæå îäíîãî ðàçà â ìåñÿö è ÷èñòèòü îäèí ðàç â ãîä.
B) Ïûëàþùèé êàìèí — ýòî êðàñèâî, íî íåýôôåêòèâíî, òàê êàê áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü òåïëà óõîäèò â äûìîõîä. Ê òîìó æå, îòêðûòûé îãîíü âûäåëÿåò ìíîãî äûìà, çàãðÿçíÿÿ îêðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó. Ñ ôèíàíñîâîé è ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé òî÷åê çðåíèÿ ëó÷øå èñïîëüçîâàòü äðóãèå ñïîñîáû îáîãðåâà.
C) Áîëüøèíñòâî ëþäåé ìå÷òàþò î äîìå ñ ñàäîì, íî ÷òî äåëàòü, åñëè áþäæåò ýòîãî íå ïîçâîëÿåò? Òåì, êòî æèâ¸ò â êâàðòèðå, ìîæíî âíåñòè íåìíîãî ïðèðîäû â äîì, ðàçìåñòèâ êîìíàòíûå ðàñòåíèÿ ïî æèëîìó ïðîñòðàíñòâó. Èì íóæíî ëèøü íåìíîãî óõîäà è âíèìàíèÿ! Óáåäèòåñü, íàïðèìåð, êàê ÷àñòî èõ íóæíî ïîëèâàòü è êàêèå óñëîâèÿ îíè ïðåäïî÷èòàþò: ÿðêèé èëè òåíèñòûé ñâåò, òåïëî èëè ïðîõëàäó.
D) Ñåãîäíÿ áûëè îáúÿâëåíû ïëàíû ïî ñòðîèòåëüñòâó øåñòíàäöàòè íîâûõ äîìîâ â Áðàéòîíå, èñïîëüçóÿ 15 000 ñòàðûõ àâòîìîáèëüíûõ øèí. Çàñòðîéùèêè óòâåðæäàþò, ÷òî äîìà áóäóò íàñòîëüêî ýíåðãîýôôåêòèâíû, ÷òî æèëüöû âîîáùå íå áóäóò ïëàòèòü çà êîììóíàëüíûå óñëóãè! Îíè áóäóò ñîáèðàòü äîæäåâóþ âîäó è ïèòàòüñÿ îò ñîëíå÷íûõ áàòàðåé è âåòðÿêîâ. Ýòè äîìà ðåøàþò äâå âàæíûå ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðîáëåìû Áðèòàíèè: ãîðû âûáðîøåííûõ øèí è âûñîêèé óðîâåíü âûáðîñîâ óãëåðîäà îò æèëüÿ.
E) ×åðåç íåñêîëüêî ëåò ìû, âîçìîæíî, áóäåì æèòü â «óìíûõ» äîìàõ — òàêèõ, ãäå áûòîâàÿ òåõíèêà îñíàùåíà âñòðîåííûìè êîìïüþòåðàìè è ìîæåò îáùàòüñÿ ìåæäó ñîáîé. Íàïðèìåð, õîëîäèëüíèê ñàì çàêàæåò ïðîäóêòû, åñëè óâèäèò, ÷òî ÷òî-òî çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ. Êîãäà âû âõîäèòå äîìîé, òåìïåðàòóðà, îñâåùåíèå è ìóçûêà íàñòðàèâàþòñÿ ïî âàøåìó âêóñó.
F) Íåñ÷àñòíûå ñëó÷àè äîìà ñîñòàâëÿþò îêîëî 40% âñåõ ïðîèñøåñòâèé è òðåòü îò âñåõ îáðàùåíèé â áîëüíèöû. Ñàìîå îïàñíîå ìåñòî â äîìå — ýòî ãîñòèíàÿ, çà íåé ñëåäóþò ñàä, êóõíÿ, ëåñòíèöà, ñïàëüíÿ è âàííàÿ. Ãëàâíûé ôàêòîð ðèñêà — âîçðàñò: áîëüøå âñåãî ñòðàäàþò ìàëåíüêèå äåòè. Ïàäåíèÿ — îñíîâíàÿ ïðè÷èíà ñìåðòåëüíûõ ñëó÷àåâ äîìà, åæåãîäíî îíè óíîñÿò áîëåå 2000 æèçíåé â Áðèòàíèè.
G) Íåò íè÷åãî áîëåå íåïðèÿòíîãî, ÷åì ïðîâåñòè âûõîäíûå, óáèðàÿ è îðãàíèçóÿ äîì, à óæå ê ñðåäå ñíîâà âèäåòü áåñïîðÿäîê! Ïî÷åìó áû íå óäåëÿòü óáîðêå ïî 15 ìèíóò â äåíü, ÷òîáû íàêàïëèâàåìûé â òå÷åíèå íåäåëè áåñïîðÿäîê áûë ìèíèìàëüíûì? Õîðîøèå èäåè: ïîðó÷àòü êàæäîìó ÷ëåíó ñåìüè ïî îäíîé ìàëåíüêîé çàäà÷å â äåíü è êàæäûé ðàç óáèðàòü çà ñîáîé, âûõîäÿ èç êîìíàòû.
Òåêñò â ó÷åáíèêå 2019 ãîäà:
1. Äåòåêòîðû äûìà â äîìàõ ñïàñëè áåñ÷èñëåííûå æèçíè. Îíè ÷óâñòâóþò ïðèñóòñòâèå äûìà â äîìå è ïðåäóïðåæäàþò æèòåëåé, èçäàâàÿ
ãðîìêèé çâóêîâîé ñèãíàë, äàâàÿ èì âðåìÿ óáåæàòü. ×òîáû áûòü ñîõðàíÿòü ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîñòü, îíè äîëæíû ïðîâåðÿòüñÿ, ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå, îäèí ðàç â ìåñÿö è ÷èñòèòüñÿ îäèí ðàç â ãîä.
2. Îäíî èç ïðåèìóùåñòâ æèçíè â äåðåâíå – ïûëàþùèé êàìèí. Îäíàêî, îòêðûòûé îãîíü - îäèí èç ñàìûõ íåýôôåêòèâíûõ ìåòîäîâ îòîïëåíèÿ, òàê êàê áîëüøàÿ òåïëà óëåòó÷èâàåòñÿ â òðóáó. Îíè òàêæå ïðîèçâîäÿò ìíîãî äûìà, êîòîðûé, êîíå÷íî, çàãðÿçíÿåò îêðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó. È ñ ôèíàíñîâîé è ñ ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ, ëó÷øå èñïîëüçîâàòü äðóãèå ìåòîäû îòîïëåíèÿ.
3. Áîëüøèíñòâî ëþäåé ñòðåìèòñÿ êóïèòü äîì ñ ñàäîì, íî ÷òî ïðîèñõîäèò, åñëè ýòîãî íå ïîçâîëÿåò áþäæåò? ×òî æ, òå èç âàñ, êòî æèâåò â êâàðòèðå, ìîãóò âíåñòè íåìíîãî ïðèðîäû âíóòðü, ïóò¸ì ðàçìåùåíèÿ íåêîòîðûõ êîìíàòíûõ ðàñòåíèé âîêðóã âàøåé æèëîé ïëîùàäè. Âñå, ÷òî èì íóæíî – ýòî íåìíîãî çûáîòû è âíèìàíèÿ! Íå çàáóäòå, íàïðèìåð, î òîì êàê ÷àñòî îíè íóæäàþòñÿ â ïîëèâå è êàêèå óñëîâèÿ îíè ïðåäïî÷èòàþò, òàêèå êàê ñâåò èëè òåíü, òåïëî èëè ïðîõëàäà.
4. Ñåãîäíÿ îáúÿâèëè î ïëàíàõ ïîñòðîéêè øåñòíàäöàòè íîâûõ äîìîâ â Áðàéòîíå, ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ïÿòíàäöàòè òûñÿ÷ ñòàðûõ àâòîìîáèëüíûõ øèí. Ðàçðàáîò÷èêè óòâåðæäàþò, ÷òî ýòî áóäåò ñòîëü ýíåðãîýôôåêòèâíî, ÷òî ó æèòåëåé âîîáùå íå áóäåò ñ÷åòîâ çà êîììóíàëüíûå óñëóãè! Îíè áóäóò ñîáèðàòü ñâîþ âîäó è áóäóò ïèòàòüñÿ îò ñîëíå÷íûõ áàòàðåé è âåòðÿíûõ äâèãàòåëåé. Äîìà ïðåäëàãàþò ïóòè ðåøåíèÿ äâóõ áðèòàíñêèõ ñàìûõ âàæíûõ ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîáëåì - ðàñòóùàÿ ãîðà âûáðîøåííûõ øèí è âûñîêèå óðîâíè âûáðîñà óãëåðîäà èç æèëüÿ.
5. ×åðåç íåñêîëüêî ëåò ìû ìîãëè áû æèòü â 'óìíûõ' äîìàõ. Óìíûé äîì - äîì, ãäå âíòóðü òåõíèêè óñòàíîâëåí êîìïüþòåð, ÷òîáû îíè ìîãëè 'îáùàòüñÿ' äðóã ñ äðóãîì. Íàïðèìåð, çàêàçûâàåò ïðîäóêòû, êîãäà âàø õîëîäèëüíèê âèäèò, ÷òî ó âàñ çàêàí÷èâàþòñÿ ïðîäóêòû ïåðâîé íåîáõîäèìîñòè, è êîãäà âû âõîäèòå â ñâîé äîì, òåìïåðàòóðà, îñâåùåíèå è ìóçûêà àêòèâèðóþòñÿ ñîãëàñíî âàøèì ëè÷íûì ïðåäïî÷òåíèÿì.
6. Íåñ÷àñòíûå ñëó÷àè â äîìå ñîñòàâëÿþò ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî ñîðîê ïðîöåíòîâ âñåõ íåñ÷àñòíûõ ñëó÷àåâ è îäíà òðåòü âñåõ ïîñòðàäàâøèõ îáðàùàåòñÿ â áîëüíèöó. Íàèáîëåå îïàñíîé çîíîé äîìà ÿâëÿåòñÿ- ãîñòèíàÿ, çàòåì ñàä, êóõíÿ, ëåñòíèöà, ñïàëüíÿ è âàííàÿ. Îñíîâíûì ôàêòîðîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîçðàñò - ñ ìàëåíüêèìè äåòüìè ïðîèñõîäèò íàèáîëüøåå ÷èñëî íåñ÷àñòíûõ ñëó÷àåâ. Ïàäåíèÿ - áåçóñëîâíî ñàìàÿ áîëüøàÿ ïðè÷èíà ôàòàëüíûõ áûòîâûõ òðàâì, âûçûâàþùàÿ áîëååå ÷åì äâå òûñÿ÷è ñìåðòåëüíûõ ñëó÷àåâ â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè êàæäûé ãîä.
7. Íè÷òî íå îçàäà÷èâàåò òàê êàê, óáîðêà è ïðèâåäåíèå â ïîðÿäîê âàøåãî äîìà, òîëüêî äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû íàéòè åãî ñíîâà â ïîëíîì áåñïîðÿäêå ê ñðåäå! Òàê, ïî÷åìó áû íå îòêëàäûâàòü ïî ïÿòíàäöàòü ìèíóò â äåíü äëÿ ïîääåðæàíèÿ âàøåé æèëîé ïëîùàäè, äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû ìèíèìèçèðîâàòü áåñïîðÿäîê, â òå÷åíèå íåäåëè? Õîðîøàÿ èäåÿ çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â åæåäíåâíîì íàçíà÷åíèè îäíîé ìàëåíüêîé, áûñòðîé ðàáîòîé êàæäîãî ÷ëåíà ñåìüè, è ëîæèòå âñ¸ íà ñâîè ìåñòà êàæäûé ðàç, êîãäà âû âûõîäèòå èç êîìíàòû.
Ðåøåíèå #
Äëÿ ó÷åáíèêà 2023 ãîäà:
A – 3
B – 5
C – 1
D – 8
E – 4
F – 2
G – 7
Ðåøåíèå #
Äëÿ ó÷åáíèêà 2019 ãîäà:
1 C
2 F
3 A
4 H
5 D
6 B
7 E
Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Þëèÿ Âàóëèíà, Äæóííè Äóëè 11 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:
Match texts A – G with headings 1-8. Put your answers into the table. Each number can only be used once. There is one extra heading.
1 Bringing Greenery Inside
2 Danger in the Home
3 Fire Protection
4 Intelligent Homes
5 Keeping Warm
6 Home Life
7 Keeping Tidy
8 Green Housing
A) Smoke detectors in homes have saved countless lives. They sense the presence of smoke in the house and alert the occupants by making a loud beeping noise, giving them time to escape. In order to be kept in good working condition, they should be tested at least once a month and cleaned once a year.
Ð’) A blazing log fire is an attractive but inefficient form of heating, since most of the heat disappears up the chimney. Open fires also produce lots of smoke which, pollutes the environment. From both a financial and environmental aspect, it is better to use other methods of heating.
C) Most people strive to buy a house with a garden, but what happens if the budget just doesn't allow it? Well, those of you who live in an apartment can bring a bit of nature inside by placing some houseplants around your living space. All they need is a little care and attention! Be sure to check, for example, how often they need watering and what kind of conditions they prefer, such as bright or shady, warm or cool.
D) Plans were announced today to build sixteen new homes in Brighton using 15.000 old car tyres. The developers claim that they will be so energy efficient that residents will have no utility bills at all! They will collect their own water and be powered by solar panels and wind turbines. The homes offer a way of tackling two of Britain's biggest environmental concerns: the growing mountain of discarded tyres and the high levels of carbon emissions from housing.
E) In a few years, we might be living in a ‘smart’ house: a house where the appliances have a computer fitted inside them, so that they can communicate with each other. For example, groceries are ordered when your fridge sees that you are low on essentials. When you enter your home, temperature, lighting and music are activated according to your personal preferences.
F) Accidents in the home account for about 40% of all accidents and a third of all accidents treated at hospital. The most dangerous area of the home is the living room, followed by the garden, kitchen, stairs, bedroom and bathroom. The main factor is age, with young children having the greatest number of accidents. Falls arc by far the greatest cause of fatal home accidents, causing more than 2.000 deaths in Britain annually.
G) There’s nothing more discouraging than spending hours at the weekend cleaning and organising your home, only to find it in a total mess again by Wednesday! So, why not set aside fifteen minutes per day for maintaining your living space, in order to minimise clutter as the week goes on? Good ideas include assigning one small, quick job to each member of the household each day. and putting something back where it belongs every time you leave a room.
Match the headings (A-H) to the paragraphs (1-7 . There is one heading that you do not need to use.
1) Smoke detectors in homes have saved countless lives. They sense the presence of smoke in the house and alert the occupants by making a loud beeping noise, giving them time to escape. In order to be kept in good working condition, they should be tested at least once a month and cleaned once a year.
2) One of the attractions of living in the country is a blazing log fire. However, open fires are one of the most inefficient forms of heating, since most of the heat disappears up the chimney. They also produce lots of smoke which, of course, pollutes the environment. From both a financial and environmental point of view, it is better to use other methods of heating.
3) Most people strive to buy a house with a garden but what happens if the budget just doesn't allow it? Well, those of you who live in an apartment can bring a bit of nature inside by placing some houseplants around your living space. All they need is a little care and attention! Be sure to check, for example, how often they need watering and what kind of conditions they prefer, such as bright or shady, warm or cool.
4) Plans were announced today to build sixteen new homes in Brighton using fifteen thousand old car tyres. The developers claim that they will be so energy efficient that residents will have no utility bills at all! They will collect their own water and be powered by solar panels and wind turbines. The homes offer a way of tackling two of Britain's biggest environmental concerns - the growing mountain of discarded tyres and the high levels of carbon emissions from housing.
5) ln a few years we might be living in 'smart' houses. A smart house is a house where the appliances have a computer fitted inside them, so that they can 'communicate' with each other. For example, groceries are ordered when your fridge sees that you are running low on essentials and when you enter your home, temperature, lighting and music are activated according to your personal preferences.
6) Accidents in the home account for about forty per cent of all accidents and a third of all accidents treated at hospital. The most dangerous area of the home is the living room, followed by the garden, kitchen, stairs, bedroom and bathroom. The main factor is age, with young children having the greatest number of accidents. Falls are by far the greatest cause of fatal home accidents, causing more than two thousand deaths in Britain each year.
7) There's nothing more discouraging than spending hours at the weekend cleaning and organising your home, only to find it in a total mess again by Wednesday! So, why not set aside fifteen minutes per day for maintaining your living space in order to minimise clutter as the week goes on? Good ideas include assigning one small, quick job to each member of the household each day, and putting something back where it belongs every time you leave a room.
Ïîïóëÿðíûå ðåøåáíèêè 11 êëàññ Âñå ðåøåáíèêè
*ðàçìåùàÿ òåêñòû â êîììåíòàðèÿõ íèæå, âû àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ñîãëàøàåòåñü ñ ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêèì ñîãëàøåíèåì