Óïð.1 Ìîäóëü 2 Going Green ÃÄÇ Spotlight 11 êëàññ
1 Ïðî÷èòàéòå òåêñò. Êàêîâà öåëü àâòîðà?
Òåêñò â ó÷åáíèêå 2023 ãîäà:
Óïàêîâî÷íîå áåçóìèå!
Òîâàðû â ñóïåðìàðêåòàõ ñåãîäíÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíû òàê 1) êðàñèâî: õëåá çàâåðíóò â ïëàñòèêîâûé ïàêåò, ïå÷åíüå óïàêîâàíî â êàðòîííûå êîðîáêè, ÿáëîêè ëåæàò íà ïëàñòèêîâûõ ïîäëîæêàõ. Âû êîãäà-íèáóäü ïîêóïàëè òîâàð òîëüêî ïîòîìó, ÷òî îí âàì ïîíðàâèëñÿ âíåøíå? Çàäàéòå ñåáå âîïðîñ: ÷òî âàæíåå – ñîäåðæèìîå èëè óïàêîâêà?
Äà, óïàêîâêà íåîáõîäèìà. Îíà ñîõðàíÿåò ïðîäóêòû, çàùèùàåò èõ îò ïîâðåæäåíèé è äåëàåò èõ 2) ïðåçåíòàáåëüíûìè äëÿ ïîêóïàòåëåé. Íî çà ýòî ïðèõîäèòñÿ ïëàòèòü âûñîêóþ öåíó. Çíàåòå ëè âû, ÷òî îò 10 äî 50% ñòîèìîñòè ïðîäóêòîâ ñåãîäíÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò óïàêîâêà? Èëè ÷òî óïàêîâêà çàíèìàåò 32% âñåãî îáúåìà òâåðäûõ îòõîäîâ? Ýòî íåóòåøèòåëüíûå íîâîñòè, âåäü áîëüøèíñòâî óïàêîâîê íå ïåðåðàáàòûâàåòñÿ, à îòïðàâëÿåòñÿ íà ñâàëêè èëè ñæèãàåòñÿ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ýòî ïðèâîäèò ê åùå áîëüøåìó 3) çàãðÿçíåíèþ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, ïîìèìî òîãî âðåäà, êîòîðûé íàíîñèò ïðîèçâîäñòâî è òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà ñàìîé óïàêîâêè!
Ê ñ÷àñòüþ, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñóïåðìàðêåòû ñòàðàþòñÿ ñîêðàòèòü ðàñõîäû. Ïîñêîëüêó óïàêîâêà ñòàíîâèòñÿ ìåíüøå è ëåã÷å, äëÿ åå ïåðåâîçêè òðåáóåòñÿ ìåíüøå ýíåðãèè. ×åì ìåíüøå âåñ óïàêîâêè, òåì ìåíüøå îòõîäîâ. Îäíàêî ïðåäñòîèò åùå äîëãèé ïóòü!
Òàê êàêîå ýòî èìååò îòíîøåíèå ê âàì, ïîòðåáèòåëÿì? Íå ïîêóïàéòå 4) òîâàðû òîëüêî èç-çà èõ âíåøíåãî âèäà! Âìåñòî ýòîãî…
ÅÑËÈ ÌÛ ÂÑÅ ÂÍÅÑÅÌ ÑÂÎÉ ÂÊËÀÄ, ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÀ ÓÏÀÊÎÂÊÈ ÁÓÄÅÒ ÐÅØÅÍÀ!
Âûáèðàéòå ïðîäóêòû ñ ìèíèìàëüíîé óïàêîâêîé èëè ýêîëîãè÷íîé òàðîé, êîòîðóþ ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ïîâòîðíî (íàïðèìåð, ñòåêëÿííûå áàíêè äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ), ïåðåðàáàòûâàåìîé (èùèòå çíà÷îê ïåðåðàáîòêè!) èëè áèîðàçëàãàåìîé.
Èçáåãàéòå ïðîäóêòîâ â èíäèâèäóàëüíîé óïàêîâêå. Ïîêóïàéòå îïòîì, à íå ìàëåíüêèìè 5) óïàêîâêàìè!
Âûáèðàéòå êîíöåíòðèðîâàííûå ñðåäñòâà, íàïðèìåð, ñòèðàëüíûå ïîðîøêè èëè êîíäèöèîíåðû äëÿ áåëüÿ, èëè ïðîäóêòû «2 â 1», íàïðèìåð, øàìïóíü è êîíäèöèîíåð â îäíîì ôëàêîíå.
Áåðèòå â ìàãàçèí òêàíåâûå ñóìêè âìåñòî òîãî, ÷òîáû áðàòü íîâûå ïëàñòèêîâûå ïàêåòû, êîòîðûå ðàçëàãàþòñÿ îêîëî 400 ëåò!
Ïðè äîñòàâêå êðóïíûõ òîâàðîâ íà äîì ïðîñèòå 6) ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé çàáèðàòü óïàêîâêó (ïóçûð÷àòóþ ïëåíêó, êîðîáêè è ò. ä.), ÷òîáû îíè ìîãëè èñïîëüçîâàòü åå ïîâòîðíî.
Òåêñò â ó÷åáíèêå 2019 ãîäà:
Îáåðòêà
Òàê 1) êðàñèâî â ýòè äíè ïðåäñòàâëåíû ïðîäóêòû â ñóïåðìàðêåòàõ: õëåá îáåðíóò â ïîëèýòèëåíîâûé ïàêåò, áóëî÷êè â êàðòîííûå êîðîáêè, ÿáëîêè â ïëàñòìàññîâûå ëîòêè (trays). Âû êîãäà-íèáóäü ïîêóïàëè ïðîäóêò ïðîñòî ïîòîìó, ÷òî âàì ïîíðàâèëîñü, êàê îí âûãëÿäåë? Ñïðîñèòå ñåáÿ, ÷òî âàæíåå, ñîäåðæàíèå èëè 2) îáåðòêà!
Äà, íàì íóæíà óïàêîâêà. Îíà ñîõðàíÿåò (preserves) òîâàðû, çàùèùàåò èõ îò ïîâðåæäåíèÿ è äåëàåò èõ 3) ïðåçåíòàáåëüíûìè äëÿ ïîòðåáèòåëåé (consumers). Íî îíà äîðîãî ñòîèò. Âû çíàëè, ÷òî îêîëî 10 - 50 % îò öåíû íà ïðîäîâîëüñòâèå ñåãîäíÿ ïîïàäàåò íà äîëþ (down to) óïàêîâêè. Èëè òî, ÷òî óïàêîâêà ñîñòàâëÿåò 32% îò îáùåé ìàññû (weight) òâåðäûõ îòõîäîâ (solid waste)? Ýòî ïëîõàÿ íîâîñòü, ïîñêîëüêó áîëüøèíñòâî óïàêîâîê íå 4) âîññòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ, à ñâîçèòñÿ (dumped) íà ñâàëêè (landfills) èëè ñæèãàåòñÿ. Ýòî ïðèâîäèò ê óâåëè÷åíèþ 5) çàãðÿçíåíèé, â äîïîëíåíèå ê çàãðÿçíåíèþ îò ïðîèçâîäñòâà (manufacture) è 6) òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè óïàêîâîê â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü!
7) Ê ñ÷àñòüþ, ñóïåðìàðêåòû òåïåðü ðàáîòàþò ïî ñîêðàùåíèþ (cut back) êîëè÷åñòâà óïàêîâêè. Ïîñêîëüêó ïàêåòû ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ìåíüøå è ëåã÷å, ìåíüøå ýíåðãèè òðåáóåòñÿ äëÿ èõ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè. Ëåã÷å óïàêîâêà îçíà÷àåò ìåíüøèå òðàòû. Îäíàêî åù¸ ïðåäñòîèò ïðîéòè äîëãèé ïóòü!
Èòàê, êàêîå îòíîøåíèå ýòî èìååò ê âàì, ïîòðåáèòåëþ? Íó, íå ïîêóïàéòå 8) ïðîäóêòû ïðîñòî ïîòîìó, êàê îíè âûãëÿäÿò! Âìåñòî ýòîãî...
• Âûáèðàéòå ïðîäóêòû, êîòîðûå èñïîëüçóþò ìèíèìàëüíóþ (minimal) óïàêîâêó èëè «çåëåíóþ» óïàêîâêó, êîòîðàÿ, íàïðèìåð, ìîæåò áûòü 9) ïîâòîðíî èñïîëüçîâàíà, íàïðèìåð, ñòåêëÿííûå áàíêè äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ âåùåé, ïåðåðàáàòûâàåìûå (ñìîòðèòå íà ñèìâîë ïåðåðàáîòêè!) èëè áèîëîãè÷åñêè ðàçëàãàåìûå (biodegradable).
• Èçáåãàéòå èíäèâèäóàëüíî óïàêîâàííûõ ïðîäóêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ. Ïîêóïàéòå îïòîì, à íå â íåáîëüøèõ 10) óïàêîâêàõ!
• Âûáèðàéòå ïðîäóêòû, êîòîðûå ïðèåçæàþò â êîíöåíòðèðîâàííîé (concentrated) ôîðìå, òàêèå êàê 11) ñòèðàëüíûå ïîðîøêè è ñìÿã÷èòåëè òêàíè, èëè òå, êîòîðûå äåëàþò áîëüøå, ÷åì îäíó âåùü, òàêèå êàê øàìïóíü è 12) êîíäèöèîíåð, äâà â îäíîì.
• Áåðèòå òêàíåâûå ìåøêè, à íå ïðîñèòå äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ïëàñòèêîâûå ïàêåòû, êîòîðûì òðåáóåòñÿ îêîëî 400 ëåò, ÷òîáû ðàçëîæèòüñÿ!
• Ïðè áîëüøèõ ïðîäóêòàõ, äîñòàâëÿåìûõ (delivered) íà äîì, ïðîñèòå 13) ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé çàáèðàòü óïàêîâêè (ïóçûð÷àòàÿ ïëåíêà, êîðîáêè è ò.ä)., äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû îíè ìîãëè çàíîãî èñïîëüçîâàòü èõ.
ÅÑËÈ ÂÑÅ ÌÛ ÂÍÅÑÅÌ ÑÂÎÞ ËÅÏÒÓ, ÒÎ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÎÉ ÓÏÀÊÎÂÊÈ ÏÐÎÄÓÊÒÎÂ ÁÓÄÅÒ ÒÎËÜÊÎ ÎÁÅÐÒÊÀ!
Ðåøåíèå #
The author's purpose is to give information and persuade the reader(s to reduce the amount of packaging they consume.
(Öåëüþ àâòîðà ÿâëÿåòñÿ äàòü èíôîðìàöèþ è óáåäèòü ÷èòàòåëÿ ñîêðàòèòü êîëè÷åñòâî óïàêîâîê, êîòîðûå îíè ïîòðåáëÿþò)
Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Þëèÿ Âàóëèíà, Äæóííè Äóëè 11 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:
1 Read the text. What is the purpose of the author?
The nervous system is the control centre of the body. It consists of the brain, the spinal cord, A ____ , and a gigantic network of nerves.
The Warp on Packaging!
Products in supermarkets these days are so 1) (BEAUTIFUL) presented: bread is wrapped in a plastic bag. biscuits in cardboard boxes, apples on plastic trays Have you ever bought a product simply because you liked the way it looked? Ask yourself what is more important – the contents or the wrapping!
Yes, we do need packaging, It preserves goods, protects them against damage and makes them 2) ... (PRESENT) to consumers. But there is a high price to pay. Did you know that anything between 10 - 50 % of the price of food today is down to its packaging? Or that packaging makes up 32% of the total weight of solid waste? The is bad news as most packaging is not recyclable, but dumped in landfills or burnt. This results in more 3) ... (POLLUTE), in addition to the pollution caused by the manufacture and transportation of packaging in the first place!
Thankfully, supermarkets are now working to cut back. As packages become smaller and lighter, less energy is needed to transport them. Lighter packaging means less waste. However, there is still a long way to go!
So, what's al this got to do with you, the consumer? Well, don't buy 4) ... (PRODUCE) simply because of the way they look! Instead …
IF WE All DO OUR BIT, THEN THE PROBLEM OF PACKAGING WILL BE A WRAP!
• Choose products that use minimal packaging or ‘green’ packaging that e reusable, e g. glass tin for storing things in, recyclable (look for the recycling symbol!) or biodegradable.
• Avoid individually wrapped foods. Buy in bulk, not in small 5)___(PACK)!
• Choose products that come in concentrated form, such as washing powders and fabric softeners, or those that do more than one thing, like shampoo and conditioner in one.
• Take cloth bags to the supermarket instead of asking for more plastic bags, which take around 400 years to break down!
• When large products are delivered to your home, ask 6) … (MANUFACTURE) to take back the packaging (bubble wrap. boxes, etc) so they can reuse it.
The brain is like the central computer for the nervous system. It receives messages from different parts of the body, Ð’ ... . If you touch a hot pan by accident, for example, the nerves in your skin form a message of pain. The message gets passed on C ... to the nerves in the brain. The brain takes this message, translates it, then sends a message back telling the muscles to pull your hand away from the heat. This all happens in less than a second!
The brain is a very complex organ with many different parts. The biggest part is the cerebrum, responsible for intelligence, memory, personality, emotion, speech and the ability to feel and move. Next is the smaller cerebellum, D____ , and the brain stem. This is responsible for taking in, sending out and coordinating all of the brain’s messages - just like a secretary! It also controls many automatic body functions such as breathing, heart rate and digestion. The thalamus carries messages from the sensory organs like the eyes, ears, nose and fingers and the hypothalamus controls other automatic processes E____. Lastly, there is the tiny pituitary gland, which produces and releases hormones to control growth, metabolism, our response to stress, and many other things.
Nerve cells, or neurons, are like long, thin threads with fingers, called dendrites, at each end. The dendrites of one neuron almost touch the dendrites of the next neuron. When a neuron is stimulated, by heat, touch or sound, for example, or by some other message, F____. This releases chemicals that enable the signal to be passed on from the dendrites of one neuron to the next, until the message reaches the brain. The brain alone contains around 100 billion neurons!
Ïîïóëÿðíûå ðåøåáíèêè 11 êëàññ Âñå ðåøåáíèêè
*ðàçìåùàÿ òåêñòû â êîììåíòàðèÿõ íèæå, âû àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ñîãëàøàåòåñü ñ ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêèì ñîãëàøåíèåì